Freezing and pressure-driven flow of solid helium in Vycor

The recent torsional oscillator results of Kim and Chan suggest a supersolid phase transition in solid He-4 confined in Vycor. We have used a capacitive technique to directly monitor density changes for helium confined in Vycor at low temperature and have used a piezoelectrically driven diaphragm to study the pressure-induced flow of solid helium into the Vycor pores. Our measurements showed no indication of a mass redistribution in the Vycor that could mimic supersolid decoupling and put an upper limit of about 0.003 um/s on any pressure-induced supersolid flow in the pores of Vycor.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Carl Heinrich Becker and the Making of the Modern Orient

Prior to Germany’s emergence as an imperial power in 1884, scholarly knowledge of the Orient was only deemed useful to a handful of academics, largely in part because oriental scholarship’s primary emphasis was the study of classical languages and ancient manuscripts. German colonialism, on the other hand, required the creation of a new body of oriental knowledge, one that was firmly rooted in the contemporary world instead of antiquity. In 1907, Carl Heinrich Becker published Christianity and Islam, one of the first pieces of scholarship to examine the modern Orient with a modern methodology. In particular, it was Becker’s adoption of the sociology of religion, a concept pioneered by Max Weber and Émile Durkheim, which allowed him to interpret the modern Orient in a way not previously possible under the philological tradition that defined oriental studies for previous generations of scholars

Smarter Programming of the Female Condom: Increasing Its Impact on HIV Prevention in the Developing World

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relative value of the female condom for HIV prevention within heterosexual relationships in the developing world. In the last ten years, the world has witnessed both historic financial commitments to HIV/AIDS and new prevention options, including biomedical prevention research, male circumcision, and a dramatic scale-up of voluntary counseling and testing. At the same time, where HIV remains at epidemic levels in many countries, there has been a growing commitment to treatment access alongside prevention programs. However, portions of populations, particularly youth and women, remain highly vulnerable to HIV infection. Accordingly, the global health community can benefit from a better understanding of how existing prevention options should be effectively and efficiently delivered to reduce HIV in the developing world. This report provides guidance for the global health community for considering how the female condom fits within the set of prevention interventions currently available

The effect of caffeine on high-intensity, intermittent exercise to exhaustion

Caffeine has been proported to increase endurance exercise time to exhaustion. However, the effects of caffeine on high-intensity, intermittent exercise to exhaustion have not been widely studied. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of caffeine on intermittent, high intensity exercise to exhaustion in individuals with minimal daily dietary caffeine consumption. Seven male participants, age 26 {dollar}\pm{dollar} 2 years, body mass 77 {dollar}\pm{dollar} 11 kg, and VO2{dollar}\rm\sb{max}{dollar} 47 {dollar}\pm{dollar} 7 ml/kg/min, performed a high-intensity exercise bout under both caffeine and placebo conditions administered in a counterbalanced, double blind fashion. Participants cycled at 120% of peak power output for 60 seconds followed by 120 seconds of recovery at 50 Watts. Work/rest cycles continued until voluntary exhaustion. Blood samples were taken immediately prior to administering caffeine or placebo beverages, one hour post absorption, and immediately following the conclusion of the exercise test. No significant difference in time to exhaustion was found between caffeine and placebo trials (12.5 {dollar}\pm{dollar} 5.9 vs 12.3 {dollar}\pm{dollar} 6.6 min), nor did peak blood lactate concentration differ between trials (11.3 {dollar}\pm{dollar} 1.0 vs 11.6 {dollar}\pm{dollar} 1.9 mM). These results suggest that caffeine treatment provides no significant improvement in performance time during intermittent, high-intensity exercise to exhaustion

Selected aspects of county extension financing producers

The specific purposes of this study were: 1. To review the financing procedures of the Cooperative Exten-sion Service used in counties throughout the United States. 2. To compare the financing procedures in states having a similar county organizational pattern to that of Tennessee with those showing different county organizational patterns

Evaluation of a day care organization\u27s plans for geographic expansion

The purpose of this paper was to evaluate a high-growth small community in Wisconsin where there was a perceived need for day care, and determine whether a privately owned firm in Madison, Wisconsin should open a day care facility in that community in 1990. The evaluation process included a review of the organization\u27s origin and evolution, mission statement, long-term objectives, and capabilities and limitations. Additional components of the evaluation process were an overview of the community under consideration, an assessment of that community\u27s need for day care, and a review of the environmental opportunities, threats, and trends that could impact the organization\u27s chances for success in that community