Oral Interview of James Garvey

https://red.mnstate.edu/oral_interviews/1293/thumbnail.jp

Let\u27s Get Real: Weak Artificial Intelligence Has Free Speech Rights

The right to free speech is a strongly protected constitutional right under the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. In 2010, the U.S. Supreme Court significantly expanded free speech protections for corporations in Citizens United v. FEC. This case prompted the question: could other nonhuman actors also be eligible for free speech protection under the First Amendment? This inquiry is no longer a mere intellectual exercise: sophisticated artificial intelligence (AI) may soon be capable of producing speech. As such, there are novel and complex questions surrounding the application of the First Amendment to AI. Some commentators argue that AI should be granted free speech rights because AI speech may soon be sufficiently comparable to human speech. Others disagree and argue that First Amendment rights should not be extended to AI because there are traits in human speech that AI speech could not replicate. This Note explores the application of First Amendment jurisprudence to AI. Introducing relevant philosophical literature, this Note examines theories of human intelligence and decision-making in order to better understand the process that humans use to produce speech, and whether AI produces speech in a similar manner. In light of the legal and philosophical literature, as well as the Supreme Court’s current First Amendment jurisprudence, this Note proposes that some types of AI are eligible for free speech protection under the First Amendment

A survey and evaluation of the physical education program at the elementary school level in Worcester public elementary schools

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit

Total scattering, surface ionization, and photoionization of a beam of H3 metastable molecules

In a previous paper we reported a technique for generating an intense hyperthermal beam of hydrogen atoms and metastable H3 molecules. From the flight time of the H3 species between the source and detector we estimated that its lifetime exceeds 40 µs and that it must therefore be in the 2 p 2A[script `]2 excited Rydberg state. In this paper we report experiments utilizing this novel source of H3 molecules. Beam-gas attenuation measurements indicate that the H3–Ar cross section is roughly ten times larger than the H–Ar cross section for translational energies in the 1 to 10 eV range. This observation is consistent with the assignment of the H3 to that excited state, which has a much larger effective radius than a ground state hydrogen atom. The temperature dependence of the surface ionization of H3 by heated tungsten and platinum filaments is used to obtain effective ionizational potentials of this species. These potentials suggest that upon interaction with a metal surface, the metastable state decays to the repulsive 2 p 2E[script '] state which then surface ionizes to produce H + 3. The production H + 3 and H+ when the H3 beam is irradiated with UV light from a high pressure mercury lamp was also observed and is attributed to the relatively low ionization potential (~3.7 eV) of the 2 p 2A[script '][script ']2 metastable state of H3

Competition between Larval Fishes in Reservoirs: The Role of Relative Timing of Appearance

Funding for this project was provided by National Science Foundation grants DEB 9407859 and DEB 9107173 to R.A.S and Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration, project F-69-P, administered jointly by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Ohio Division of Wildlife. A Presidential Fellowship from The Ohio State University supported J.E.G. during part of this research.In small, hypereutrophic reservoirs (100 mg total phosphorus/L), larval gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum and threadfin shad D. petenense (henceforth, shad) reach high densities in the limnetic zone, virtually eliminate zooplankton, and perhaps compromise success of other planktivorous larvae, such as bluegill Lepomis macrochirus. Because relative timing of appearance of shad and bluegills probably influences their relative success, we quantified densities of fish larvae and zooplankton during spring through summer in three reservoirs across 8 years (1987–1994), and we conducted three hatchery experiments with varying larval appearance times and gizzard shad densities in plastic bags (1 m3). When shad were abundant in reservoirs, bluegill abundance often peaked either at the same time (36% of reservoirs and years combined) or after (40% of reservoirs and years combined) shad peaks. When gizzard shad were placed in bags 2 weeks before bluegills (N = 1 experiment), they depleted zooplankton, reducing growth (~0.075 g · g-1· d-1) but not survival of bluegills. In experiments (N = 2) in which both species were added simultaneously, zooplankton declined only slightly with gizzard shad, and there was little effect on bluegill growth (~0.21 g · g-1· d-1) and survival; in general, gizzard shad growth declined with time and increasing gizzard shad density. Based on experiments, bluegill success should vary among reservoirs and years as a function of their appearance relative to gizzard shad. In reservoirs, zooplankton availability and bluegill abundances were consistently low during years when gizzard shad dominated reservoir fish assemblages. Because gizzard shad probably reduce bluegill success in hypereutrophic Ohio reservoirs, management strategies that reduce gizzard shad should improve bluegill success