Freedom, Opportunity and Wellbeing

This paper reexamines key results from the measurement of opportunity freedom, or the extent to which a set of options offers a decision maker real opportunities to achieve. Three cases are investigated: no preferences, a single preference, and plural preferences. The three co the cardinality relation, the indirect utility relation, and the effective freedom relation variations are considered within a common axiomatic framework. Special attention is given to representations of freedom rankings, with the goal of providing practical approaches for measuring opportunity freedom and the extent of capabilities.

A Report on Mexican Multidimensional Poverty Measurement

This report addresses the challenges arising from a change in Mexico’s official poverty methodology from an income-only basis to a multidimensional basis that includes education, access to health services, access to social security, shelter characteristics, access to basic services, access to food, and level of social cohesion. The concept of poverty underlying this report is drawn from Amartya Sen’s capability approach. The specific multidimensional measurement framework used is that of Alkire and Foster (2007). Special emphasis is placed on the measure’s population decomposability and dimensional decomposability. The new identification and aggregation methods are then applied to 2005 data provided by CONEVAL to illustrate the feasibility of the methodology and the kinds of results that one might obtain.

Keynesian Policies Stimulate Dabate And Debt, Not Employment

Antizyklische Finanzpolitik; Keynesianismus; Wirtschaftspolitische Wirkungsanalyse

Treebank Embedding Vectors for Out-of-domain Dependency Parsing

A recent advance in monolingual dependency parsing is the idea of a treebank embedding vector, which allows all treebanks for a particular language to be used as training data while at the same time allowing the model to prefer training data from one treebank over others and to select the preferred treebank at test time. We build on this idea by 1) introducing a method to predict a treebank vector for sentences that do not come from a treebank used in training, and 2) exploring what happens when we move away from predefined treebank embedding vectors during test time and instead devise tailored interpolations. We show that 1) there are interpolated vectors that are superior to the predefined ones, and 2) treebank vectors can be predicted with sufficient accuracy, for nine out of ten test languages, to match the performance of an oracle approach that knows the most suitable predefined treebank embedding for the test set.Comment: Camera ready for ACL 202

Cluster adjacency beyond MHV

We explore further the notion of cluster adjacency, focussing on non-MHV amplitudes. We extend the notion of adjacency to the BCFW decomposition of tree-level amplitudes. Adjacency controls the appearance of poles, both physical and spurious, in individual BCFW terms. We then discuss how this notion of adjacency is connected to the adjacency already observed at the level of symbols of scattering amplitudes which controls the appearance of branch cut singularities. Poles and symbols become intertwined by cluster adjacency and we discuss the relation of this property to the $\bar{Q}$-equation which imposes constraints on the derivatives of the transcendental functions appearing in loop amplitudes.Comment: 51 pages, 25 figures, 4 table