Breeding Season Distribution of Cerulean Warblers in Arkansas in the 1990s

The Cerulean Warbler (Dendroica cerulea) has been declining in numbers in its North American nesting range, and the same is true in Arkansas. To provide specific sites that can be monitored in the future, this study describes places where the bird was documented in the state in the 1990s. The warbler was found in mature deciduous forest in both upland and bottomland situations but was most abundant in the upland Ozark forests and uncommon in other regions of the state. Most (70%) of the occupied sites were on federal and state lands. Pattern of overall distribution was essentially the same in the 1990s as it was in an earlier period through 1973. Data in one case suggest that group selection type of forest harvest may produce habitats that are beneficial to Cerulean Warblers

Mode-of-use Innovation in Interactive Product Development

Mode-of-use innovation, or the innovative means by which products may be used, is considered as one lever for design-driven innovation. The current study explored how the mode-of-use concept may apply to state-of-the-art product interactions and enhance user experience, in turn providing opportunities for design-driven innovation within the interactive product space. Implications for understanding how mode-of-use may be applied to interactive product design are finally discussed. Although more work is required to understand how best more novel explorative interactions may stimulate initial feelings of innovativeness, caution is required in providing mode-of-use innovations that allow opportunities for clear understanding of interaction as related to function feedback, mapping well onto user expectations.clos

Reflecting on Design Sketching: Implications for Problem-Framing and Solution-focused Conceptual Ideation

Background This investigation examines the role and use of sketching as tool of design representation during conceptual design activity. In particular we focus upon sketching???s relationship with problem framing and solution-focused strategies and reasoning in the proposition, exploration and development of solution ideas. This research was conducted to contribute to furthering knowledge and understanding of sketching for use in design pedagogy and the development of conceptual design tools. Methods In a qualitative content analysis (QCA) a coding frame based upon the constructs naming, framing, moving and reflecting is employed in the analysis of a concept design protocol using the think-aloud method. The protocol???s transcriptions were segmented before being encoded through the concept-driven coding frame. The analysis and discussion of results proceeds through reference to the encoded protocol data and is supported by the synchronic charting of design activity. Results Sketching activity during conceptual design provides opportunities for previous frames of reference to re-emerge and be re-engaged in new ways. The act of sketching appeared to facilitate frequent shifts of attention to and from sub-problems and sub-solutions. This thus provided opportunities to laterally explore different aspects of emergent solution ideas in a concurrent manner. These frequent shifting of attention may act as a catalyst for appositional reasoning across different aspects of the design problem. The participant???s solution-focused thoughts appeared to both influence and be influenced by sketching activity, affording fresh insights and perspectives to emerge. Conclusion The study of sketching and other tools of design representation provides opportunities to better understand the kinds of designerly ways of knowing, thinking and action required in practice. Findings have implications for design pedagogy and the development of conceptual design tools.clos

Perceptions of product innovativeness and desirability : the influence of an education in design

Background: Although previous research has contributed to the development of the concept of design innovation, a lack of understanding related to how people actually perceive design innovation still exists. This study aims to investigate perceptions of innovation, and how these perceptions may differ as a result of such factors as background and education. Method: Eleven products were selected from among the winners of the 2012 Reddot design awards as examples of innovative product design. Twenty design students and twenty students from a non-design background assessed the innovativeness and desirability of each product using a 5-point Likert scale. Based on Rampino???s innovation framework (2011), innovativeness of Form, Technology, and Mode of Use were assessed together with holistic innovativeness. Results: The design and non-design students showed significant differences in their perceptions of holistic innovativeness, F (1,38) = 4.372, p < .05. They also perceived Mode of Use differently, indicated by an interaction effect between their major and the types of product they assessed. The results of a correlation analysis between innovativeness and desirability showed that holistic innovativeness is positively related to desirability. In contrast, innovativeness of Technology has a relatively weak relationship to product desire. Conclusion: A greater understanding of how design innovation is perceived provides useful insights which may then be utilized in the design and development of more desirable, innovative products. In this regard, the investigation provides a foundation for successive studies to link the conceptual principle of design innovation to real-world innovation as it is perceived and experienced by the user.clos

Retrospective Automotive Design and Innovative Meaning Making: The influence of retro design features

(Background) The current study explored the role of retrospective design in creating innovations in meaning within the field of automotive design. To achieve this, we focused on the Mini Cooper as an exemplary case study of the application of a retrospective design approach and implications for the meaning of the new Mini model. (Methods) We conducted surveys of participants to examine responses to retrospective design features in terms of their influence upon the three meaning constructs: personality, context & story and reference with form. (Result) The results indicate how more integral design features had the greatest influence upon the expression of the original within the retrospective contemporary version. (Conclusions) Implications for understanding retrospective automotive design and its potential to drive innovative meaning making is briefly discussed.clos

Color in Package Design: A Case Study of User Response to Skincare Packaging Color

Background We explore the potential for mismatch between semantic intentions and user responses to color in skincare package design, as well as implications for color selection in packaging design. Methods A semantic differential experiment, a card-sorting workshop, and a post-workshop interview were conducted to collect data on participants??? responses to packaging design stimuli. Color in packaging design was manipulated, with other elements controlled. Results Mismatches between designers??? semantic intents and users??? responses to color in skincare package design were indicated by some results. New colors are further suggested as potential options for triggering the desired responses. Moreover, the results indicate that some colors are more universally accepted as representative of certain product characteristics due to their metaphoric associations. In contrast, others were found to be more susceptible to interpretation, possibly related to past experiences and/or cultural factors. Conclusions The results provide insights towards the nature of mismatches between designers??? semantic intents and users??? responses to color in skincare package design. For colors with strong associations to shared metaphoric interpretations, minor mismatches between designer intent and user response may result. In contrast, colors without shared associations are increasingly likely to mismatch based upon more idiosyncratic interpretations. ?? 2021. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits unrestricted educational and non-commercial use, provided the original work is properly cited

Learning Design through the Lens of Service: A Qualitative Study

Twenty-four senior-level capstone engineering design projects were completed at a large, public, primarily undergraduate university involving 85 students (70 male and 15 female). All projects involved the design of equipment to facilitate physical activity for people with disabilities. The effects on: i) learning design, ii) attitude towards people with disabilities, iii) motivation to complete team design projects and iv) interdisciplinary collaboration were analyzed through 24 one-hour focus groups. We explored the student experience using a constructivist approach and grounded theory. Four major themes (with associated sub-themes) emerged from our data analysis: learning design (project management, iterative design process, and user-centered design), motivation to complete design (engineering, disabilities, user), perceptions of people with disabilities (previous experience, changed attitudes and beliefs), and multidisciplinary collaboration (etiquette presentation, communication between disciplines, defining roles and expectations). Students completing these projects were shown to appreciate user-centered design, exhibit greater motivation when able to meet and develop a relationship with their client in person, discuss altruistic factors regarding their capstone experience, and were able to develop strong multidisciplinary skills

Where does Everyday Design Innovation come from?: Case studies in IKEA Product Hacking

Background Design is no longer owned only by skilled designers. Product hacking, which has to emerge as a major phenomenon in industrial and consumer products, is an everyday design activity aimed at remaking and remanufacturing existing products that provide new meanings. This paper aims to contribute to identifying design innovation within cases of product hacking as examples of everyday design. Methods Product hacking workshops were conducted to explore the potential of conceptual blending as means to identify innovation in everyday design activity. Results Through a trial and error morphological approach, participants appeared to arrive at Aha! moments that then acted as a catalyst for the identification of a feasible blend possibility. Rather than the explicit operation or application of meaning blends in product hacking, participants relied upon the juxtaposition of existing products as both opportunity and constraint on product combination and meaning change. Conclusions Conceptual meaning blending may have the potential as means to identify and assess innovation in everyday design activity, including product hacking. However, results indicate that meaning blending and their meanings were not an explicit approach to meaning innovation through the blending of existing products. ?? 2021. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits unrestricted educational and non-commercial use, provided the original work is properly cited

A multi-mRNA host-response molecular blood test for the diagnosis and prognosis of acute infections and sepsis: Proceedings from a clinical advisory panel

Current diagnostics are insufficient for diagnosis and prognosis of acute infections and sepsis. Clinical decisions including prescription and timing of antibiotics, ordering of additional diagnostics and level-of-care decisions rely on understanding etiology and implications of a clinical presentation. Host mRNA signatures can differentiate infectious from noninfectious etiologies, bacterial from viral infections, and predict 30-day mortality. The 29-host-mRNA blood-based InSe

From wrongdoing to imprisonment: Test of a causal-moral model

The authors tested a causal–moral model of punishment in which (a) causal attribution and moral responsibility are distinct precursors of punishment, and (b) dispositional attribution leads to blame which, in turn, determines imprisonment. Specifically, whereas severity of outcome impacts punishment directly, circumstances of the crime and the culture of the observers impact punishment through causal attribution and blame, respectively. In an experiment, Singaporeans and Americans read about a crime that (a) was committed intentionally or under an extenuating circumstance and (b) had low or severe outcome for the victim. They made dispositional attribution to, assigned blame to, and recommended imprisonment for the offender. Results supported the hypotheses and the causal–moral path model that specified a direct effect of severity of outcome, an indirect effect of country via blame, and the indirect effects of circumstance via dispositional attribution to blame on imprisonment