The U.S. Gulf of Mexico Pink Shrimp, Farfantepenaeus duorarum, Fishery: 50 Years of Commercial Catch Statistics

U.S. Gulf of Mexico, pink shrimp, Farfantepenaeus duorarum, catch statistics have been collected by NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service, or its predecessor agency, for over 50 years. Recent events, including hurricanes and oil spills within the ecosystem of the fishery, have shown that documentation of these catch data is of primary importance. Fishing effort for this stock has fluctuated over the 50-year period analyzed, ranging from 3,376 to 31,900 days fished, with the most recent years on record, 2008 and 2009, exhibiting declines up to 90% relative to the high levels recorded in the mid 1990’s. Our quantification of F. duorarum landings and catch rates (CPUE) indicates catch have been below the long-term average of about 12 million lb for all of the last 10 years on record. In contrast to catch and effort, catch rates have increased in recent years, with record CPUE levels measured in 2008 and 2009, of 1,340 and 1,144 lb per day fished, respectively. Our regression results revealed catch was dependent upon fishing effort (F=98.48df=1, 48, p<0.001, r2=0.67), (Catch=1,623,378 + (520) × (effort)). High CPUE’s measured indicate stocks were not in decline prior to 2009, despite the decline in catch. The decrease in catch is attributed in large part to low effort levels caused by economical and not biological or habitat related conditions. Future stock assessments using these baseline data will provide further insights and management advice concerning the Gulf of Mexi

Summer Diapause of the Clover Leaf Weevil, \u3ci\u3eHypera Punctata,\u3c/i\u3e and Lesser Clover Leaf Weevil, \u3ci\u3eHypera Nigrirostris,\u3c/i\u3e in Wisconsin

Low respiration rates, immobility, lack of feeding, and undeveloped reproductive systems confirmed a summer diapause in the overwintered and current-year adults of the clover leaf weevil, Hypera punctata, and lesser clover leaf weevil, Hypera nigrirostris. The prolonged summer diapause and extended winters in Wisconsin set strict limitations on the available time for damaging populations to develop on red clover, Trifolium pratense thus assuring the status of these weevils as minor pests

Fremdsprachen aus der Ferne: die britische Open University

Dies ist die vierte, völlig neu bearbeitete Auflage der Praktischen Handreichung für Fremdsprachenlehrer. Die Zahl der Beiträge wurde von 77 auf 90 erhöht. Ausgewiesene Fachleute aus Belgien, Deutschland, Großbritannien, Irland, Österreich, Schweden und den USA breiten in vier Kapiteln die Methoden und das Handwerkszeug aus, ohne die ein guter Fremdsprachenlehrer nicht auskommt. Alle wieder aufgenommenen Arbeiten wurden durchgesehen und auf den neuesten Stand gebracht. Viele der zusätzlich eingeworbenen Beiträge stammen aus dem Bereich der Neuen Medien. Der bewährte Aufbau wurde beibehalten. Der Leser kann so seine Praxis auf ein sicheres Fundament stellen und durch Verfolgung der im Sachindex aufgezeigten Verbindungslinien weiter absichern. Die umfangreichen Literaturverzeichnisse helfen ihm, bestimmte Felder noch weiter aufzuschließen

Healing an Ailing Alliance: Ethics and Science Face the Ambiguities of Water

Water-related problems are both scientific and ethical issues. The sciences and ethics are interdependent disciplines, and both are needed in an interactive alliance for adequate policy decisions on water and other ecological concerns. Water-related problems are generally linked to excess in what people take from and return to the waters. In this essay, the author outlines four moral norms that are foundational for remedial action on the waters of New England