Eurycea troglodytes

Number of Pages: 2Integrative BiologyGeological Science

The measurement of the emotion of anger

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston UniversityThis thesis has had as its purpose the study of the measurement of the emotion of anger. Its method is that of an examination, evaluation and summarization of all scientific studies in the experimental psychology of anger. It sources will be the recognized journals of psychology plus the writer's own research. It assumers as a postulate for the thesis that measurement is the most exact description of physical phenomena by the method of comparison to a fixed and known quantity. It defines emotion as a configuration of feeling tones arising out of the disturbed functioning of the viscera and glands, plus an overt set of behaviour patterns which show a stirred up state of the organism plus a lack of ability on the part of the individual to handle the situation in accordance with his known intellectual capabilities. Anger is best described as the emotion arising out of the thwarting of the personality, desires, and purposes. Physiologically, anger results from the functioning of the thoracic-lumbar section of the autonomic nervous system; it is correlated in its functioning with the emotion of fear, and is antagonism functionally, with the emotions of sex and hunger. Psychologically, anger is described as an emotion that arises only when there is a fair margin of safety on the part of the individual in gaining his purpose by such overt behaviors. Introspectively, anger is unpleasant. Anger may express itself subjectively, and by fantasy of repression and in so doing, it has its psychoanlytical phases. Genetically, anger arises in early infancy, and with experience changes, and is modified into socialized behaviour. Anger has its abnormal psychology in the individual who cannot get angry, in the irritable person, in the person who has temper tantrums, in the individual who holds a grudge for a long time, and finally in the paranoic who believes everyone is persecuting him. On the theoretical side, anger may arouse from the disturbed viscera or muscies or from the passage of stimuli through the thalamus. Anger may possibly be differentiated from the other emotions by the sensations arising from its expression

Studies on the growth hormone of plants VII. The fate of growth substance in the plant and the nature of the growth process

Since the early work of Went (1928), it has been known that the growth substance of the Avena coleoptile may be obtained in the usual way, i.e. by diffusion into agar blocks, only from that part of the plant which produces it, namely the tip. The hormone is not recoverable in this way from those parts of the plant, such as the lower zones, which only make use of it. Recent work (Thimann, 1934) has, however, shown that by extraction with chloroform some growth substance is recoverable from the lower zones of the coleoptile. The results of this extraction method confirmed the earlier view that there is a marked concentration gradient of growth substance from tip to base

Outline of an approach to management standards

In its book SMOG: A REPORT TO THE PEOPLE (1972), the Environmental Quality Laboratory (EQL) proposed that "management standards" be used as an approach to air quality in the Los Angeles Basin. The concept of management standards is based on technical, economic, and social feasibility. It envisions a relatively long-term, relatively stringent ambient air quality goal to be achieved eventually through a specified series of time-phased steps. Each step would set a target date by which there must be achieved substantial percentage reductions in the number of days per year on which the long-term ambient air quality goal is violated, reducing this figure by the ultimate target date to no (or insignificant) days of violation annually. Management standards thus aim at long-term goals, but they insist as well upon short-term, time-phased improvements -- each of which demands all feasible control steps, and each of which enhances air quality relative to what it was before. The outline that follows represents a first attempt at thinking about application of the management standards concept on a nationwide basis. The purpose is to achieve the commendable objectives of the Clean Air Amendments of 1970 in a manner that takes into account the varying problems and conditions that exist in different air quality regions. The approach suggested in the outline would preserve the strong features of the Clean Air Amendments; it would also require by law certain planning steps to have in fact been taken under, though they were not a formal part of, the Clean Air Amendments

Lost Decade in Translation: Did the US Learn from Japan's Post-Bubble Mistakes?

In 1991, the Japanese economy ended a historic expansion and entered a period of stagnation that has yet to abate. Nine years later, the US economy ended a similarly historic expansion. There were many similarities in the two countries' expansions: asset price bubbles, a real investment boom, easy monetary policy, and improvements in government finances. In the wake of bursting bubbles, the Japanese banking system was insolvent and monetary policy was too tight, problems not evident in the US post-bubble period. But the US has worse fiscal and current account imbalances than Japan had at the same stage in the post-bubble era.

Low and moderate-income home financing : what are the trends in Kansas City?

Over the last decade, many significant developments have influenced home lending. Among these developments are the longest expansion period in U.S. history, pathbreaking technological and financial innovations, new regulatory and legislative incentives for low- and moderate-income lending, and continued growth of community organizations and special home lending programs. ; This article takes a look at these trends and their possible effect on home purchase lending in the Kansas City metropolitan area between 1992 and 2001. The article examines changes in home financing across the entire metropolitan area, as well as among low- and moderate-income borrowers and within low- and moderate-income neighborhoods. Also analyzed are the contributions of different types of lenders—banks and thrifts with local banking offices, banks and thrifts with no Kansas City banking offices, and independent mortgage companies. ; Among the more noteworthy findings in this analysis is the substantial growth that has occurred in home purchase lending for the entire Kansas City metropolitan area, with an increasing share of this lending going to low- and moderate-income borrowers and neighborhoods. Of further interest is the growing importance of home lending by banking organizations without deposit-taking offices in Kansas City. In particular, the rapid emergence of such organizations in low- and moderate-income lending provides a strong signal that this lending is meeting many of the same market tests as other forms of lending, thus foreshadowing a more continuous flow of financing to lower income neighborhoods.Loans ; Federal Reserve District, 10th

The changing structure of banking : a look at traditional and new ways of delivering banking services

In the short span of just ten to fifteen years, Tenth District banking has made the dramatic leap from predominantly a unit banking or single office framework to one that encompasses both statewide branching and interstate banking. This article examines the major factors behind these changes and then looks at the District's evolving banking structure. Overall, the total number of banks operating in Tenth District states has declined by about 40 percent since 1985. This decline, though, has been accompanied by a significant increase in the number of bank branches and facilities. ; Other significant changes are also occurring. About one-third of all banking deposits in Tenth District states is now under the control of out-of-state organizations. In addition, banks are developing and expanding alternative ways for delivering services. For instance, the District's ATM population continues to grow rapidly and an increasing number of banks are opening branches in supermarkets and other retail locations. Moreover, the Internet Web sites of District banks have expanded quickly over the last year both in terms of number and the complexity of services offered. While all of these developments pose a variety of issues and challenges for District bankers and customers, this changing banking framework is opening up new opportunities and will likely lead to a more convenient and efficient banking system, with a broader choice of services.Federal Reserve District, 10th ; Banks and banking - Customer services

Home financing in Kansas City and its contribution to low and moderate income neighborhood development

Loans ; Finance, Personal ; Loans, Personal ; Housing - Finance

Land use Effects on Ground Water Quality in Carbonate Rock Terrain

A control site with a natural setting and an experimental site with significant agriculture land use were studied in the Ozark Region of Arkansas in order to determine the effect of land use on water quality in a carbonate rock terrain. The vast majority of the two sites have the Boone Limestone exposed which combined with the underlying St. Joe is the major aquifer for drinking water in the area. The sites also are similar in terms of lineament patterns (number, length and orientation), soil, slope and vegetation. Ground water samples were collected primarily from springs during three seasons (late summer-early fall, winter and spring). All three seasonal collections exhibited statistically higher NO3 (2.31 versus 0.81 mg/L) and Cl (9.9 versus 2.7 mg/L) concentrations in the experimental site. During the winter and spring collections, the experimental site also exhibited statistically higher concentrations (0.5 to 3x) of PO4, SO4, Na, K and Ca. Heavy metals were analyzed in the winter samples; however, the differences between the two sites were small because the absolute values for the two sites were low. For example, the largest difference for a heavy metal was 19 μg/L for Mn (12 versus 31 μg/L). Bacteria determined from the spring season samples showed that the experimental site had significantly higher counts of fecal coliform (86 versus 0.4 col - onies/100 mL) and fecal Streptococcus (39 versus 3 colonies/100 mL) types than the control site. Three springs were also sampled periodically following a rain event of 10 cm. Whereas, levels of specific conductance, NO3, Ca and Na decreased in all three springs, PO4, K, SO4 and fecal coliform increased significantly, primarily in the two experimental springs. The increase of these parameters indicates that they are more available in the experimental area. Based on these results and elemental correlations, it appears that cattle manure, the spreading of chicken manure and commercial fertilizers, and septic tank effluent, individually or in combination, are affecting the water quality of the experimental site. However, most of the ground water samples meet EPA drinking water standards with the possible exception of bacteria