Impact of overlapping in the radio coverage areas of multiple Wi-Fi access points on detecting encounters

Understanding the potential role of Smartphones and other portable wireless devices as relay nodes in message dissemination and content delivery in Delay Tolerant and Opportunistic networks depend on the knowledge about patterns and the number of encounter events among mobile nodes. One of the main challenges for extracting encounters is overlapping in the radio coverage areas of nearby access points (APs). Data about the usage of Wi-Fi networks can be used to perform an analysis of encounters among mobile devices. A realistic estimation of the number of encounters among mobile nodes is now a big challenge. In this paper, the effects of overlapping of radio coverage area among multiple APs for extracting realistic encounters among mobile devices has been discussed, and also an analytical approach has been proposed for extracting realistic encounters from overlapping in the coverage areas of multiple nearby APs. A significant difference was observed between the number of encounters by considering and ignoring overlapping. Our study finds that Wi-Fi datasets are not reliable source to estimate the number of encounters when there are overlapping in radio coverage areas of multiple APs

Evaluation of Empirical Relationships for Dynamic Compaction in Liquefiable Reclaimed Silty Sand Layers Using Pre/Post Cone Penetration Tests

This case history presents an application of Dynamic Compaction of the soil layers susceptible to liquefaction behind the main container quay wall of Shahid Rajaee Port Complex Development (SRPCD), situated on shores of Persian Golf near Bandar-Abbas. The liquefaction of such layers during earthquake results in the great lateral earth pressure as well as the settlement and large horizontal deformation of the main wall and anchor wall. Regarding the extension and the depth of the identified liquefiable layers, the improvement method of dynamic compaction was employed to mitigate the liquefaction destructive effect. Generally, the subsoil liquefiable layers of the SRPCD site consisted of reclaimed layers of silty sand with the maximum depths of 7 to 12 meters and the fine content of 20% – 40%. The preliminary compaction patterns were obtained using the energy-based method and the available empirical relationships based on the depth of influence and the required improving energy. Considering the previously conducted researches, the effectiveness of dynamic compaction and the applied energy to subsoil collapsible layers deteriorates due to the presence of fine content. Therefore, the effective influence depth of soil that is affected by this method of improvement is reduced. The effectiveness of the employed dynamic compaction patterns for different parts behind the main quay wall and anchor wall is evaluated comparing the results of pre and post-CPT tests (cone penetration tests performed before and after the compaction) with the criterion. Such criterion is defined as the liquefaction threshold resistance of the soil layers that is obtained using the most recent and distinguished CPT based liquefaction evaluation method. In case the criterion is not satisfied using CPT test results, the pattern (weight and drop height of the tamper, spacing and the passes of compaction) is modified in order to apply the greater amount of energy. Comparing the obtained values for influence depth resulted from empirical formula and the Pre/Post-CPT results, the validity of the preliminary used relationships and empirical constants are studied. In addition, back calculating the constants using the obtained improved depths from pre/post-CPT, the achieved constants for the available relationships are suggested

Overexpression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) in gastric cancer and its correlation with overall survival of the patients

BACKGROUND: Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is an adhesion molecule which is expressed on the epithelial cells and primarily identified as a tumor marker for carcinoma. In this study, the expression of EpCAM in precancerous and cancerous gastric lesions was investigated and then, the association of EpCAM expression with the overall survival of patient suffering from gastric carcinoma was evaluated.METHODS: 12 gastric carcinoma, 3 dysplasia, and 8 intestinal metaplasia (IM) subjects were taken from the department of pathology of Tohid Hospital, Sanandaj, Iran. The diagnosis was made by the expert pathologist. Then, the subjects were stained for EpCAM by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and analyzed by the pathologist.RESULTS: The data showed that EpCAM was expressed in all of the precancerous and cancerous samples. However, 76.4% of carcinoma cells were positive for EpCAM while it was 62.5% and 51.3% for dysplasia and IM, respectively. Importantly, it was observed that the expression of EpCAM on gastric cancer was negatively correlated with the overall survival of the patients.CONCLUSION: In conclusion, it was demonstrated in this study that EpCAM is expressed in gastric carcinoma and its expression is negatively correlated with the overall survival of the patients with gastric cancer

Anesthetic Considerations in a Patient With Plexiform Neurofibromatosis: A Case Report

Plexiform neurofibromatosis is an uncommon variant of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) (Von Recklinghausen’s disease). There is a greater prevalence of neurofibromatosis 1 in patients with other neoplasms, such as rhabdomyosarcomas, gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), pheochromocytomas, carcinoid tumors and ganglioneuromas. We report the anesthetic implications of a case of a 33 year old patient with plexiform neurofibromatosis and a history of pheochromocytoma which was operated on previously. He presented with painless swelling on upper eye-lead since childhood and had multiple café-au-lait spots and neurofibromas on the trunk. The surgery was done in two sessions first on the plexiform neurofibroma of the eye followed by the operation on the brain mass

Stiffness and Strength of Granular Soils Improved by Biological Treatment Bacteria Microbial Cements

In some parts of the world mechanical properties of problematic soils are not suitable for construction purposes. Today, regard to the importance of the soil improvement; by considering methods with more concordance with the environmental mechanisms in the nature, and with study and combination of geotechnical science, microbiology and geochemistry; researchers try to provide a suitable way to improve the physical and mechanical properties of the problematic soils. In this paper, the effect of the aerobic microorganisms of Sporosarsina Pasteurii (PTCC 1645), as a producer of Urease for the sedimentation of calcium carbonate and improvement of granular soil of Garmsar Industrial Town is evaluated experimentally in order to check the effects of this phenomena on the shear strength and stiffness of the granular soils. The results of the uniaxial compressive strength tests show the effect of adding the above mentioned microbial solution to the soils, in case of increased uniaxial compressive strength and stiffness of the soil. It should be mentioned that the granular soils have no compressive strength, naturally but after bio cementation the samples got notable values

Hydrogen Peroxide Preconditioning Promotes Protective Effects of Umbilical Cord Vein Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Experimental Pulmonary Fibrosis

Purpose Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disorder with few available treatments. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy (MSCT), an innovative approach, has high therapeutic potential when used to treat IPF. According to recent data, preconditioning of MSCs can improve their therapeutic effects. Our research focuses on investigating the anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects of H2O2-preconditioned MSCs (p-MSCs) on mice with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Methods Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were induced with PF by intratracheal (IT) instillation of bleomycin (4 U/kg). Human umbilical cord vein-derived MSCs (hUCV-MSCs) were isolated and exposed to a sub-lethal concentration (15 pM for 24 h) of H2O2 in vitro. One week following the injection of bleomycin, MSCs or p-MSCs were injected (IT) into the experimental PF. The survival rate and weight of mice were recorded, and 14 days after MSCs injection, all mice were sacrificed. Lung tissue was removed from these mice to examine the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, histopathological changes (hematoxylin-eosin and Masson\u27s trichrome) and expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) through immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. Results Compared to the PF+MSC group, p-MSCs transplantation results in significantly decreased connective tissue () and collagen deposition. Additionally, it is determined that lung tissue in the PF+pMSC group has increased alveolar space () and diminished expression of TGF-β1 and α-SMA. Conclusion The results demonstrate that MSCT using p-MSCs decreases inflammatory and fibrotic factors in bleomycin-induced PF, while also able to increase the therapeutic potency of MSCT in IPF