Povećanje oslobađanja gliklazida iz smjesa dobivenih geometrijskim miješanjem

The poorly water soluble antidiabetic drug gliclazide was selected to study the effect of excipients on dissolution rate enhancement. Ordered mixtures of micronized gliclazide with lactose, mannitol, sorbitol, maltitol and sodium chloride were prepared by manual shaking of glass vials containing the drug and excipient(s). Different water soluble excipients, addition of surfactant and superdisintegrant, drug concentration and carrier particle size influenced the dissolution rate of the drug. Dissolution rate studies of the prepared ordered mixtures revealed an increase in drug dissolution with all water soluble excipients. The order of dissolution rate improvement for gliclazide was mannitol > lactose > maltitol > sorbitol > sodium chloride. Composite granules of the particle size range 355-710 µm were superior in increasing the drug dissolution rate from ordered mixtures. Reducing the carrier particle size decreased the dissolution rate of the drug, as well as the increase in drug concentration. Kinetic modeling of drug release data fitted best the Hixson-Crowell model, which indicates that all the ordered mixture formulations followed the cube root law fairly well.Teško topljivi antidijabetik gliklazid izabran je za proučavanje utjecaja pomoćnih tvari na povećanje oslobađanja. Homogene smjese mikroniziranog gliklazida s laktozom, manitolom, sorbitolom, maltitolom i natrijevim kloridom pripravljene su ručnim tresenjem staklenih bočica s lijekom i pomoćnom tvari/tvarima. Na oslobađanje lijeka utjecali su vrsta vodotopljivog ekscipijensa, dodatak surfaktanta i superdezintegratora, udio lijeka i veličina čestica punila. Sve vodotopljive pomoćne tvari povećavale su oslobađanje ljekovite tvari i to sljedećim redom: manitol > laktoza > maltitol > sorbitol > natrijev klorid. Najbolje oslobađanje lijeka bilo je iz kompozitnih granula veličine 355 do 710 µm. Iz smjesa s manjom veličinom čestica punila i većim udjelom lijeka oslobađanje lijeka bilo je manje. Kinetičko modeliranje oslobađanja najbolje je odgovaralo Hixson-Crowellovom modelu, što ukazuje na to da sve formulacije prilično dobro slijede zakon trećeg korijena

Investigating the role of technical institute and consultancy in increasing wheat production productivity in Maragheh area

Wheat is the most important crop in the world that plays an important role in rural people's income of Iran. With increasing world population and limitation in arable lands, increase in productivity is main programs to researchers. Therefore modern science and modified technology are the best approach to cover that issue. Active graduates in consulting institutes could be important for enhancing the productivity. For these reasons, 115 farmers and 30 consulting members were randomly selected in order to investigate the effectiveness of the cooperation. The findings indicated that the most important concerns to cooperation were insurance and clear contracts. Also from farmers viewpoints, respect to farmer’s experiences; equipment and updated softwares were effective in accepting new graduates cooperation. In conclusion, the cooperation increased wheat productivity in the survey compared to conventional systems

Localized EM and photonic jets from non-spherical and non-symmetrical dielectric mesoscale objects: Brief review

The interest to mesoscale dielectric objects, whose effective dimensions are comparable with the incident radiation wavelength, is caused by their unique ability to modify the spatial structure of the incident wave in the specific manner and to produce a highly localized intensive optical flux (“photonic jet”) with the subwavelength spatial resolution. In the current paper we brief review the modern state‐of‐the‐art of main principles of the photonic jet formation by non‐spherical and non‐symmetrical dielectric mesoscale particles both in transmitting and reflection mode. A deeper understanding of the photonic jet is nevertheless needed to fully exploit the potential performance of nano‐ and micro‐ dielectric mesoscale objects as diffractive components at different wavebands