522 research outputs found
ORAL CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION AND SHORT-TERM DYNAMIC POWER PRODUCTION IN HEALTHY YOUNG MEN
This experiment examined the effect of creatine monohydrate supplementation on corrected peak power output and peak acceleration during repeated, high intensity sprint cycling. The investigation was randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind and adopted a crossover design. Eight male, adult volunteers participated in this study. Subjects were administered with creatine monohydrate (0.28g.kg-1 per day) or a glucose placebo. Following experimental treatments, subjects underwent 10 maximal effort, 6-s sprints on a cycle ergometer with a work to rest ratio of 5:1. The exercise protocol was fatiguing in nature with peak power output and peak acceleration decreasing significantly from the first to last sprint. Creatine supplementation significantly attenuated the decline in peak power output in the latter stages of the intermittent sprint cycling
Characterisation of the Muscle Protein Synthetic Response to Resistance Exercise in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review and Exploratory Meta-Analysis
Background and Objective: The rate of skeletal muscle protein synthesis (MPS) is the principal driving force underpinning the muscular adaptive response to resistance exercise (RE). This study aims to consolidate the literature, characterise MPS response to RE, and assess the impact of key covariates. Methods: Five electronic databases (PubMed (Medline), Web of Science, Embase, Sport Discus, and Cochrane Library) were searched for controlled trials that assessed the MPS response to RE in healthy, adult humans, postabsorptive state. Individual study and random-effects meta-analysis arewere used to inform the effects of RE and covariates on MPS. Results from 79 controlled trials with 237 participants were analysed. Results: Analysis of the pooled effects revealed robust increases in MPS following RE (weighted mean difference (WMD): 0.032% h−1, 95% CI: [0.024, 0.041] % h−1, I2 = 92%, k = 37, P<0.001). However, the magnitude of the increase in MPS was lower in older adults (>50 y: WMD: 0.015% h−1, 95% CI: [0.007, 0.022] % h−1, I2 = 76%, k = 12, P=0.002) compared to younger adults (<35 y: WMD: 0.041% h−1, 95% CI: [0.030, 0.052] % h−1, I2 = 88%, k = 25, P<0.001). Individual studies have reported that the temporal proximity of the RE, muscle group, muscle protein fraction, RE training experience, and the loading parameters of the RE (i.e., intensity, workload, and effort) appeared to affect the MPS response to RE, whereas sex or type of muscle contraction does not. Conclusion: A single bout of RE can sustain measurable increases in postabsorptive MPS soon after RE cessation and up to 48 h post-RE. However, there is substantial heterogeneity in the magnitude and time course of the MPS response between trials, which appears to be influenced by participants’ age and/or the loading parameters of the RE itself.Funder: Marigot Ltd; FundRef: https://doi.org/10.13039/10.13039/501100000821; Grant(s): IP_2019_087
Photon statistics of a random laser
A general relationship is presented between the statistics of thermal
radiation from a random medium and its scattering matrix S. Familiar results
for black-body radiation are recovered in the limit S to 0. The mean photocount
is proportional to the trace of 1-SS^dagger, in accordance with Kirchhoff's law
relating emissivity and absorptivity. Higher moments of the photocount
distribution are related to traces of powers of 1-SS^dagger, a generalization
of Kirchhoff's law. The theory can be applied to a random amplifying medium (or
"random laser") below the laser threshold, by evaluating the Bose-Einstein
function at a negative temperature. Anomalously large fluctuations are
predicted in the photocount upon approaching the laser threshold, as a
consequence of overlapping cavity modes with a broad distribution of spectral
widths.Comment: 26 pages, including 9 figure
On random flights with non-uniformly distributed directions
This paper deals with a new class of random flights defined in the real space characterized
by non-uniform probability distributions on the multidimensional sphere. These
random motions differ from similar models appeared in literature which take
directions according to the uniform law. The family of angular probability
distributions introduced in this paper depends on a parameter which
gives the level of drift of the motion. Furthermore, we assume that the number
of changes of direction performed by the random flight is fixed. The time
lengths between two consecutive changes of orientation have joint probability
distribution given by a Dirichlet density function.
The analysis of is not an easy task, because it
involves the calculation of integrals which are not always solvable. Therefore,
we analyze the random flight obtained as
projection onto the lower spaces of the original random
motion in . Then we get the probability distribution of
Although, in its general framework, the analysis of is very complicated, for some values of , we can provide
some results on the process. Indeed, for , we obtain the characteristic
function of the random flight moving in . Furthermore, by
inverting the characteristic function, we are able to give the analytic form
(up to some constants) of the probability distribution of Comment: 28 pages, 3 figure
Statistical features of edge turbulence in RFX-mod from Gas Puffing Imaging
Plasma density fluctuations in the edge plasma of the RFX-mod device are
measured through the Gas Puffing Imaging Diagnostics. Statistical features of
the signal are quantified in terms of the Probability Distribution Function
(PDF), and computed for several kinds of discharges. The PDFs from discharges
without particular control methods are found to be adequately described by a
Gamma function, consistently with the recent results by Graves et al [J.P.
Graves, et al, Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 47, L1 (2005)]. On the other hand,
pulses with external methods for plasma control feature modified PDFs. A first
empirical analysis suggests that they may be interpolated through a linear
combination of simple functions. An inspection of the literature shows that
this kind of PDFs is common to other devices as well, and has been suggested to
be due to the simultaneous presence of different mechanisms driving
respectively coherent bursts and gaussian background turbulence. An attempt is
made to relate differences in the PDFs to plasma conditions such as the local
shift of the plasma column. A simple phenomenological model to interpret the
nature of the PDF and assign a meaning to its parameters is also developed.Comment: 27 pages. Published in PPC
Bernoulli potential in type-I and weak type-II superconductors: I. Surface charge
The electrostatic potential close to the surface of superconductors in the
Meissner state is discussed. We show that beside the Bernoulli potential, the
quasiparticle screening, and the thermodynamic contribution due to Rickayzen,
there is a non-local contribution which is large for both type-I and weak
type-II superconductors.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure
Manipulation of photon statistics of highly degenerate chaotic radiation
Highly degenerate chaotic radiation has a Gaussian density matrix and a large
occupation number of modes . If it is passed through a weakly transmitting
barrier, its counting statistics is close to Poissonian. We show that a second
identical barrier, in series with the first, drastically modifies the
statistics. The variance of the photocount is increased above the mean by a
factor times a numerical coefficient. The photocount distribution reaches a
limiting form with a Gaussian body and highly asymmetric tails. These are
general consequences of the combination of weak transmission and multiple
scattering.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
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