Nieimmunologiczny obrzęk płodu w wyniku talasemii alfa. Opis przypadku zdiagnozowanego i leczonego prenatalnie w Polsce

Talasemia alfa to niedokrwistość wynikająca z mutacji w genach kodujących alfa-globinę lub w elementach regulatorowych klastra alfa-globiny. Zespół hemoglobiny Barta to najcięższa postać tej niedokrwistości, spowodowana defektem genetycznym prowadzącym do całkowitego braku syntezy alfa-globiny, najczęściej wynikającym z delecji obu kopii genów z każdego allelu. U chorych nie są syntetyzowane dwie dominujące hemoglobiny niezbędne dla prawidłowej ontogenezy – HbF w okresie płodowym oraz postnatalnie HbA. Hemoglobiną dominującą jest hemoglobina Barta, składająca się wyłącznie z łańcuchów gamma-globiny. Choroba ujawnia się w okresie prenatalnym w postaci niedokrwistości oraz obrzęku płodu. Przypadek tej postaci talasemii alfa został zdiagnozowany i był skutecznie leczony prenatalnie w jednym z ośrodków w Polsce. W pracy przedstawiono jego opis kliniczny oraz zaprezentowano wyniki badań biochemicznych i molekularnych

Coexistence of hemoglobin Handsworth and alpha 3.7 kb deletion in Caucasian woman in Poland

BackgroundThis report presents a case of an adult Polish women of Caucasian origin who was heterozygous for the nondeletional mutation: Hb Handsworth (HBA2 or HBA1: c.55G > C, p.Gly19Arg) and deletional (-α) α-thalassemia mutation. MethodsThe HbA and HbF levels were measured by microcolumn chromatography and alkaline denaturation procedure, respectively, while electrophoresis was used to detect pathological hemoglobin fraction. The β- and α-globin genotypes were determined by DNA sequencing, gap-polymerase chain reaction, α gene triplication and MLPA. ResultsThe HbA and HbF levels were normal, but hemoglobin electrophoresis on agarose gel alkaline pH showed a strong band migration in a position of hemoglobin S and faint bands in the neighborhood of band A on acid electrophoresis. Molecular analysis of the alpha globin cluster detected a point mutation at codon 19 in (c.55G > C, p.Gl- y19Arg) and deletion -α. ConclusionsOur compound heterozygosity does not produce severe clinical or hematological symptoms but it is important to say that in our part of Europe such cases do appear. Molecular analysis of the alpha globin cluster is required for correct diagnosis in patients with normal HbA levels. Compound heterozygosity was unmasked by molecular diagnosis only

Analiza mutacji talasemii alfa u chorych diagnozowanych w Instytucie Hematologii i Transfuzjologii

BackgroundAlpha-thalassemia is genetically transmitted hemolytic anemia resulting from disturbance of the globins chain synthesis. Alpha-thalassemia is caused most frequently by deletions and less commonly by nondeletional defects.AimTo introduce the molecular methods for routine identifications of alpha-thalassemia mutations and to study the characteristics of these mutations in Poland.MethodsBlood sample of 155 patients with normal or reduced HbA2 values was obtained for blood counting. All samples underwent gap-PCR to screen for the seven common α-thal deletions and MLPA analysis. The DNA of 21 patients in which deletions were not detected has been directly sequenced.ResultsWe detected mutations in the alpha-globin gene in 72 of 155 patients studied. 55 out of 72 cases showed most common thalassemia deletions, as the following: a single gene deletion (α3.7 and α4.2) and both genes deletion (FIL, SEA, MED I, and α20.5). Owing to the use of MLPA technique, we found nontypical deletions in another 12 patients and multiplication of the alpha-globin genes in further 4 cases. We also identified a patient with a point mutation HBA2: c.300 + 2T>A by DNA sequencing.ConclusionsMolecular analysis of the alpha-globin cluster is required for a correct diagnosis in patients with normal or reduced level of HbA2.The results of the study show that due to the progressive migration of the population and globalization, thalassemia must be included in the differential diagnosis of anemia in Poland

Infestation of Polish Agricultural Soils by Plasmodiophora Brassicae Along The Polish-Ukrainian Border

There has been a rapid, worldwide increase in oilseed rape production that has resulted in enormous intensification of oilseed rape cultivation, leading to tight rotations. This in turn, has caused an accumulation of pests as well as foliar and soil-borne diseases. Recently, clubroot has become one of the biggest concerns of oilseed rape growers. Clubroot is caused by the soil-borne protist Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin. The pathogen may be present in groundwater, lakes, and irrigation water used in sprinkling systems. It can be easily transmitted from one field to another not only by water, but also by soil particles and dust transmitted by wind and on machinery. The aim of our overall study was to check for P. brassicae infestation of Polish agricultural soils. This paper presents the 2012 results of a study performed along the Polish-Ukrainian border in two provinces: Lublin (Lubelskie Voivodeship) and the Carpathian Foothills (Podkarpackie Voivodeship), in south-east Poland. Monitoring was done in 11 counties, including nine rural and two municipal ones. In total, 40 samples were collected, out of which 36 were collected from fields located in rural areas and four from municipal areas, with two per municipal region. Each sample was collected at 8-10 sites per field, using a soil auger. The biotest to detect the presence of P. brassicae was done under greenhouse conditions using seedlings of the susceptible Brassicas: B. rapa ssp. pekinensis and the Polish variety of oilseed rape B. napus cv. Monolit. Susceptible plants grown in heavily infested soils produced galls on their roots. A county was regarded as free from the pathogen, if none of the bait plants became infected. The pathogen was found in three out of 40 fields monitored (7.5%) in the Carpathian Foothill region. The fields were located in two rural counties. The pathogen was not found in Lublin province, and was also not detected in any of the municipal counties. The detection with a biotest was fully confirmed by PCR-based molecular detection of P. brassicae DNA in soil samples

Suitability of biotechnical measures for the treatment of oats

W ostatnim czasie z powodu ograniczania możliwości stosowania zapraw chemicznych istnieje potrzeba badania przydatności środków do zaprawiania ziarna, które zbudowane są z naturalnych substancji w formie ekstraktu, wyciągu lub grzybni mikoryzalnej, bakterii, itp. Celem badań była ocena przydatności środków pochodzenia roślinnego oraz środków zawierających mikroorganizmy do zaprawiania ziarna owsa. W doświadczeniu wazonowym przebadano kilka takich preparatów, które mogą być przydatne do zaprawiania ziarna owsa lub innych gatunków zbóż. Ziarno owsa oplewionego i nagiego zaprawiono następującymi środkami: Biosept 33 SL (ekstrakt z grejpfruta), Bioczos Płynny (wyciąg z czosnku), Timorex Gold 24 EC (wyciąg z krzewu herbacianego), Polyversum (grzyb Pythium oligandrum) i Click Horto (grzybnia mikoryzalna – Globus intraradius, bakterie ryzosfery, grzyb Trichoderma atraviride). Analizowano zdrowotność siewek oraz świeżą masę części nadziemnej i korzeni. Zaprawione ziarno poprzez jego moczenie w roztworach tych preparatów wykazało ich korzystne działanie na wschody roślin, a w przypadku środków Bioczos, Biosept 33 SL i Polyversum poprawiła się także zdrowotność siewek wschodzącego owsa. Środek Click Horto wykazał właściwości biostymulujące rozwój owsa. W kombinacji, w której zastosowano ww. środek uzyskano wyraźny wzrost masy korzeni i części nadziemnej. Wykonane badania dają informacje o tym, że niektóre z ocenianych preparatów mogą być przydatne do zaprawiania ziarna odmian owsa.In view of the fact that recently the possibilities to use chemical treatment have been limited it is necessary to research the usefulness of seed treatment products composed from natural substances in the form of an extract or mycorrhizal mycelium, bacteria, etc. The aim of the research was to assess the usefulness of plant substances and substances containing microorganisms for oats seed treatment. Several preparations which might be useful for the treatment of oats seeds or the seeds of other cereals were researched in a pot experiment. The seeds of hulled and hulless oats were treated with the following substances: Biosept 33 SL (grapefruit extract), Liquid Bioczos (garlic extract), Timorex Gold 24 EC (tea plant extract), Polyversum (Pythium oligandrum fungus) and Click Horto (mycorrhizal mycelium – Globus intraradius, rhizosphere bacteria, Trichoderma atraviride fungus). The health of seedlings and fresh mass of the aboveground part and roots were analysed. The seeds were treated with those preparations by being soaked in their solutions. The preparations had positive influence on the emergence of crops. Bioczos, Biosept 33 SL and Polyversum also improved the health of emerging oats seedlings. Click Horto biostimulated the development of oats. The combination with this preparation resulted in a noticeable growth in the root mass and aboveground part. The research provides information which of the preparations under analysis may be useful for the treatment of seeds of oats cultivars

Application of reduced doses of fungicides in integrated pest management

Integrowana ochrona roślin stanowi obecnie główny kierunek podjęty w uprawie roślin rolniczych na terenie Unii Europejskiej. W myśl jej zasad niezbędne jest połączenie wszelkich dostępnych metod ograniczania występowania agrofagów do poziomu, w którym nie powodują one strat o znaczeniu ekonomicznym. Duży nacisk kładzie się na racjonalne stosowanie środków ochrony roślin oraz ich selektywność. Niezbędna jest duża wiedza z zakresu skuteczności działania poszczególnych substancji czynnych oraz dawek, w których osiągają one największą skuteczność działania. W doświadczeniach z pszenicą ozimą porównano porażenie podstawy źdźbła przez grzyby chorobotwórcze po aplikacji fungicydów w dawkach zarejestrowanych do stosowania w Polsce, oraz w dawkach obniżonych. Obserwacje topatologiczne przeprowadzono w fazie dojrzałości mlecznej ziarna (BBCH 75) oceniając występowanie łamliwości źdźbła zbóż (Oculimacula yallundae, O. acuformis) oraz fuzaryjnej zgorzeli podstawy źdźbła (Fusarium spp.). Badano wpływ zastosowanej ochrony na wartość uzyskanego plonu. Użycie fungicydów zarówno w dawkach zarejestrowanych, jak i w dawkach zredukowanych pozwoliło na uzyskanie w obydwu latach badań wyższych plonów w stosunku do obiektów, na których nie stosowano chemicznej ochrony w fazie pierwszego kolanka (BBCH 31).Integrated pest management is actually the main direction taken in the cultivation of agricultural crops in the European Union. In accordance with its principles it is necessary to combine all available methods of reducing the occurrence of pests to a level where they do not cause losses of economic importance. Great emphasis is placed on the rational use of plant protection products and its selectivity. Essential is the large knowledge of the effectiveness of individual active ingredients and dosages in which they achieve the greatest efficacy. The aim of the experiment was to determine the possibility of using lower doses (than those registered in Poland) of fungicides in wheat cultivation in comparison to full doses. In BBCH 75 stage (medium milk) stem-base assessment was performed to confirm the effectiveness of mentioned above fungicides against eyespot of cereals (Oculimacula spp.) and Fusarium foot rot (Fusarium spp.). Application of fungicides in BBCH 31 stage in both doses (registered and reduced) allowed to obtain higher yields in comparison to non protected plots in two years of experiment

Effect of fungicide treatment and nitrogen fertilisation on the yield of two breeding types of winter oilseed rape cultivars

The effect of three fungicide treatment programmes and the level of spring nitrogen fertilisation on the seed yield of two types ofcultivars of Brassica napus L. sown at two different seeding rates was studied in a field experiment. The subject of the study was anopen-pollinated cultivar ‘Casoar’ and a restored hybrid cultivar ‘Visby’. Three plant protection programmes, two levels of spring nitrogenfertilisation (160 and 220 kg N⋅ha1), and two different seeding rates for each cultivar (‘Visby’—50 and 70 seeds⋅⋅m2; ‘Casoar’—60 and 80 seeds⋅m2) were included. The most intensive protection programme comprised three fungicide treatments: first in autumn at the six-leaves-unfolded stage—BBCH 16, second in spring at the stem elongation stage—BBCH 33, and third at the full flowering stage—BBCH 65. One of two less intensive programmes of plant protection included fungicide application in autumn at the sixleaves-unfolded stage—BBCH 16 and at the full flowering stage—BBCH 65, while the second included fungicide application in spring at the stem elongation stage—BBCH 33 and at the full flowering stage—BBCH 65. The effectiveness of the protection programmes and nitrogen fertilisation was influenced by the intensity of abiotic stress factors. The average yield from the plots protected against pathogens was significantly higher than that from the untreated plots. The increase of nitrogen fertilisation from 160 to 220 kg⋅ha1 also caused a significant increase of average seed yield. The yield of cultivar ‘Visby’ was higher and less dependent on the seeding rate compared to cultivar ‘Casoar’.Keywords: Winter oilseed rape; Cultivars; Disease control; Nitrogen fertilisation; Seeding rate; Sclerotinia sclerotiorum;           Leptosphaeria spp.; Alternaria spp. Botrytis cinerea

Effect of fungicide treatment and nitrogen fertilisation on the yield of two breeding types of winter oilseed rape cultivars

The effect of three fungicide treatment programmes and the level of spring nitrogen fertilisation on the seed yield of two types ofcultivars of Brassica napus L. sown at two different seeding rates was studied in a field experiment. The subject of the study was anopen-pollinated cultivar ‘Casoar’ and a restored hybrid cultivar ‘Visby’. Three plant protection programmes, two levels of spring nitrogenfertilisation (160 and 220 kg N⋅ha1), and two different seeding rates for each cultivar (‘Visby’—50 and 70 seeds⋅⋅m2; ‘Casoar’—60 and 80 seeds⋅m2) were included. The most intensive protection programme comprised three fungicide treatments: first in autumn at the six-leaves-unfolded stage—BBCH 16, second in spring at the stem elongation stage—BBCH 33, and third at the full flowering stage—BBCH 65. One of two less intensive programmes of plant protection included fungicide application in autumn at the sixleaves-unfolded stage—BBCH 16 and at the full flowering stage—BBCH 65, while the second included fungicide application in spring at the stem elongation stage—BBCH 33 and at the full flowering stage—BBCH 65. The effectiveness of the protection programmes and nitrogen fertilisation was influenced by the intensity of abiotic stress factors. The average yield from the plots protected against pathogens was significantly higher than that from the untreated plots. The increase of nitrogen fertilisation from 160 to 220 kg⋅ha1 also caused a significant increase of average seed yield. The yield of cultivar ‘Visby’ was higher and less dependent on the seeding rate compared to cultivar ‘Casoar’.Keywords: Winter oilseed rape; Cultivars; Disease control; Nitrogen fertilisation; Seeding rate; Sclerotinia sclerotiorum;           Leptosphaeria spp.; Alternaria spp. Botrytis cinerea