A Case Study on Blowout and Its Control in Krishna-Godavari (KG) Basin, East Coast of India: Safety and Environmental Perspective

Major blowouts in Krishna-Godavari (KG) basin have led to number of risks related to loss of human lives, environmental pollution and loss of material assets. The geological complexity of the field and the presence of over pressure zones, mainly in East Godavari sub-basin, particularly in the wells at Amalapuram, Razole and Narsapur have led to major disasters in the past years. Therefore, an attempt has been made to identify the most possible causes of these disasters and to propose a safe drilling procedure to prevent these disasters in the upcoming ventures. This paper highlights the case study of a blowout occurred in KG basin in East Coast of India. An analysis of the blowout was carried out which includes well configuration and details, mechanical equipment used for controlling the blowout, firefighting procedures, financial losses incurred. The effect of exploration and production of oil and gas on the property and environment were also discussed. Efficient drilling and safety procedures were recommended to prevent further blowouts in future. The recommendations presented will be of utmost importance for oil and gas operators and service companies to take necessary steps in future drilling operations in over pressured formations of KG basin to prevent loss to personnel, property and damage to the environment. Keywords: Blowout, Overpressures, Firefighting, Safety Procedures, Environmental Impact

A Case Study on Blowout and Its Control in Krishna-Godavari (KG) Basin, East Coast of India: Safety and Environmental Perspective

Major blowouts in Krishna-Godavari (KG) basin have led to number of risks related to loss of human lives, environmental pollution and loss of material assets. The geological complexity of the field and the presence of over pressure zones, mainly in East Godavari sub-basin, particularly in the wells at Amalapuram, Razole and Narsapur have led to major disasters in the past years. Therefore, an attempt has been made to identify the most possible causes of these disasters and to propose a safe drilling procedure to prevent these disasters in the upcoming ventures. This paper highlights the case study of a blowout occurred in KG basin in East Coast of India. An analysis of the blowout was carried out which includes well configuration and details, mechanical equipment used for controlling the blowout, firefighting procedures, financial losses incurred. The effect of exploration and production of oil and gas on the property and environment were also discussed. Efficient drilling and safety procedures were recommended to prevent further blowouts in future. The recommendations presented will be of utmost importance for oil and gas operators and service companies to take necessary steps in future drilling operations in over pressured formations of KG basin to prevent loss to personnel, property and damage to the environment. Keywords: Blowout, Overpressures, Firefighting, Safety Procedures, Environmental Impact

Formulation and evaluation of fast dissolving tablet of aceclofenac

Fast disintegrating drug delivery system offers a solution for these patients having difficulty in swallowing tablets/ capsules etc. Aceclofenac (anti-inflammatory and analgesic) was selected as the model drug. The poor aqueous solubility of the drug results in variable dissolution rate and hence poor bioavailability. In the present study, an attempt had been made to prepare fast dissolving tablets of the drug using various super disintegrates sodium starch glycolate following by direct compression technique. The tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, weight variation, disintegration time, water absorption ratio and wetting time, in vitro dissolution studies. All the formulation showed disintegration time in range of 12.2 to 27.5 second along with rapid in vitro dissolution. It was concluded that the fast dissolving tablets of the poor soluble drug can be made by direct compression technique using selective super disintegrantes showing enhanced dissolution, taste masking and hence better patient compliance and effective therapy.Keywords: Aceclofenac; Fast disintegrating; Superdisintegrants; Taste maskin

Formulation and evaluation of fast dissolving tablet of aceclofenac

Fast disintegrating drug delivery system offers a solution for these patients having difficulty in swallowing tablets/ capsules etc. Aceclofenac (anti-inflammatory and analgesic) was selected as the model drug. The poor aqueous solubility of the drug results in variable dissolution rate and hence poor bioavailability. In the present study, an attempt had been made to prepare fast dissolving tablets of the drug using various super disintegrates sodium starch glycolate following by direct compression technique. The tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, weight variation, disintegration time, water absorption ratio and wetting time, in vitro dissolution studies. All the formulation showed disintegration time in range of 12.2 to 27.5 second along with rapid in vitro dissolution. It was concluded that the fast dissolving tablets of the poor soluble drug can be made by direct compression technique using selective super disintegrantes showing enhanced dissolution, taste masking and hence better patient compliance and effective therapy.Keywords: Aceclofenac; Fast disintegrating; Superdisintegrants; Taste maskin

Advanced technology options for industrial heating equipment research

This document presents a strategy for a comprehensive program plan that is applicable to the Combustion Equipment Program of the DOE Office of Industrial Technologies (the program). The program seeks to develop improved heating equipment and advanced control techniques which, by improvements in combustion and beat transfer, will increase energy-use efficiency and productivity in industrial processes and allow the preferred use of abundant, low grade and waste domestic fuels. While the plan development strategy endeavors to be consistent with the programmatic goals and policies of the office, it is primarily governed by the needs and concerns of the US heating equipment industry. The program, by nature, focuses on energy intensive industrial processes. According to the DOE Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey (MECS), the industrial sector in the US consumed about 21 quads of energy in 1988 in the form of coal, petroleum, natural gas and electricity. This energy was used as fuels for industrial boilers and furnaces, for agricultural uses, for construction, as feedstocks for chemicals and plastics, and for steel, mining, motors, engines and other industrial use over 75 percent of this energy was consumed to provide heat and power for manufacturing industries. The largest consumers of fuel energy were the primary metals, chemical and allied products, paper and allied products, and stone, clay and glass industry groups which accounted for about 60% of the total fuel energy consumed by the US manufacturing sector

Composite Fermion Description of Correlated Electrons in Quantum Dots: Low Zeeman Energy Limit

We study the applicability of composite fermion theory to electrons in two-dimensional parabolically-confined quantum dots in a strong perpendicular magnetic field in the limit of low Zeeman energy. The non-interacting composite fermion spectrum correctly specifies the primary features of this system. Additional features are relatively small, indicating that the residual interaction between the composite fermions is weak. \footnote{Published in Phys. Rev. B {\bf 52}, 2798 (1995).}Comment: 15 pages, 7 postscript figure

The effect of higher derivative correction on η/s\eta /s and conductivities in STU model

In this paper we study the ratio of shear viscosity to entropy, electrical and thermal conductivities for the R-charged black hole in STU model. We generalize previous works to the case of a black hole with three different charges. Actually we use diffusion constant to obtain ratio of shear viscosity to entropy. By applying the thermodynamical stability we recover previous results. Also we investigate the effect of higher derivative corrections.Comment: revised versio