An Empirical Study In The Liberalization Age Of International Investment And Indian Economic Growth

We are currently doing import substitution in line with the 'Swadeshi philosophy.' In truth, we have been exercising import substitution. In our nation there was a low wage, a low expenditure savings rate, an ongoing debt, a highly low development rate. Apart from this attractive growth rate for Asian tigers, then the IMF strategy, our policymakers were forced to liberalize and globalize with many other events. A major shift was made from a sleeping policy to an open-ended one. The present article is of its nature in India that seeks to encourage evidence of the impact on the Indian economy, measured under a time varying parameter  regression model, of inward foreign investments at macro level as well as at the basic three-sector level. The study documents significantly differing findings in various sectors of the economy through a sector-level analysis. The study suggests that policymakers rejuvenate India's primary sector to draw and consume more intra-DFIs and ensure sustainable economic growth. The study results indicated that liberalization has positive impact on service sector growth while a negative impact on manufacturing sector growth. In conclusion the study shows a sectoral imbalance in India

Study to determine the distribution pattern of agglutinating antibodies to Salmonella enterica serotype: typhi, paratyphi A and paratyphi B antigens in normal healthy individuals and individuals with afebrile illness in pediatric population

Background: Enteric fever continues to be a major health problem in developing countries including India. The serological test, Widal test, is a well known test, used as an indirect test to detect the serological evidences of presence of Salmonella groups. The following study was undertaken to determine the baseline Widal titre (the titre of the antibodies to the O and the H antigens of S. typhi and to the H antigens of S. paratyphi A and B) in normal healthy individuals and individuals with afebrile illness in paediatric population coming to our hospital (both IPD and OPD). Materials & Methods: The Widal test was performed with serial serum dilutions: 1:20, 1:40, 1:80, 1:160 and 1:320 by using isotonic normal saline. 0.5ml of each of the antigen suspension was added to corresponding tubes, mixed well and incubated at 37C for 24 hours. The tubes were then examined visually for agglutination. A 50% agglutination is considered and recorded as the titre of antibodies present in the individual against Salmonella. Results: Positive agglutination in Widal test was observed to be lowest among under-fives as compared to older children (46% vs 62%), but the results were not significant (p=0.06). No significant association was observed between Positive agglutination in Widal test and gender (p=0.31). Conclusion: It is clear that Salmonella agglutinins are common among apparently healthy people and as endemicity of typhoid in an area may change over time, more studies should be carried out to determine Salmonella agglutinin titre in apparently healthy populations, so that a better judgment which is based on the prevailing agglutinin titres can be made. Keywords: Agglutination, Salmonellosis, Typhoid fever, Salmonella typhi, Paratyphi A,  Paratyphi

EFFECT OF HIGH AND LOW FLEXIBILITY ON AGILITY, ACCELERATION SPEED AND VERTICAL JUMP PERFORMANCE OF VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS

This study aimed to assess the effect of high and low levels of flexibility on key performance indicators of volleyball performance. Eighty-four volleyball players (n=84; mean±SD; decimal age: 16.57±1.51; height (cm): 176.23±8.77; body mass (kg): 66.14±11.79) were selected for the study. The design of the study was cross-sectional and to measure selected variables i.e. agility, lower body muscular power, and acceleration speed; 6×10 m shuttle run, countermovement jump (with arm swing) test and 20 m sprint test (standing start) were used. To measure the flexibility level of the players, sit and reach test was used. Shapiro-Wilk normality test was conducted to check the distribution of data and the Levine test was applied to check homogeneity of the variance in data. Participants were divided into two groups i.e. High Flexibility Group (HFG) and Low Flexibility Group (LFG) using k-means cluster analysis and independent t-test was applied to find the differences between HFG and LFG. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results showed statistically significant difference between HFG and LFG in agility, acceleration speed and lower body muscular power and, based on the results, it was concluded coaches should include flexibility training in the regular training programme. The results obtained supported the rationale that baseline flexibility may influence the performance of volleyball players. Article visualizations

Effect of Phytosanitary Irradiation on the Quality of Chandler Pummelo (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.)

In this study, we evaluated the chemical and physiological effect of low-dose gamma irradiation on the post-harvest quality of Chandler Pummelos (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.), an emerging crop of interest in the U.S. Chandler pummelos from a local grower in California were irradiated at target doses of 150 Gy and 1000 Gy. Irradiated and untreated pummelos were stored at 12 °C for 3 weeks and at 20 °C for the 4th week to reflect three weeks of sea shipment at ideal temperature for storage of pummelos and an additional week of retail under ambient conditions. Irradiation reduced hardness of the pummelo rind and firmness of the flesh. Rind hardness decreased during the 3 weeks of storage at 12 °C, however, during storage at 20 °C for 1 week, hardness increased, most likely due to moisture loss from the surface of the fruit. Although, a decrease in the firmness of the pummelo flesh was observed immediately following irradiation, storage did not lead to additional softening. The external appearance of pummelos was negatively impacted by higher irradiation dose, longer storage time and higher temperatures as pitting and mold growth were evident on pummelos treated at 1000 Gy and following storage at 20 °C. When stored at ideal temperature, pummelos irradiated at 150 Gy appeared to maintain similar quality as untreated pummelos. The results suggest that Chandler pummelo quality is compromised at 20 °C and 1000 Gy treatment but irradiation with 150 Gy can serve as a potential phytosanitary treatment for Chandler pummelos

Experimental and Numerical Correlation of Impact of Spherical Projectile for Damage Analysis of Aero Engine Component

Studies the impact response of flat Titanium alloy plate against spherical projectile for damage analysis of aero engine components using experimental and finite element techniques. Compressed gas gun has been used to impart speed to spherical projectile at various impact velocities for damage studies. Crater dimensions (diameter and depth) obtained due to impact have been compared with finite element results using commercially available explicit finite element method code LS-DYNA. Strain hardening, high strain rate and thermal softening effect along with damage parameters have been considered using modified Johnson-Cook material model of LS-DYNA. Metallographic analysis has been performed on the indented specimen. This analysis is useful to study failure analysis of gas turbine engine components subjected to domestic object damage of gas turbine engine. 

Effect of Phytosanitary Irradiation on the Quality of Two Varieties of Pummelos (\u3cem\u3eCitrus maxima\u3c/em\u3e (Burm.) Merr.)

Phytosanitary treatments prevent the introduction of pests such as fruit flies into pest free zones, and are often required for international trade. Irradiation is increasingly being considered as an alternative to cold and chemical phytosanitary treatments, such as methyl bromide. In this study, the effect of low dose gamma irradiation on the post-harvest quality of two varieties of pummelos (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.), an emerging crop of interest in the US was evaluated. Two varieties of pummelos grown in California were irradiated at the phytosanitary target dose of 150 Gy and a higher dose of 1000 Gy to exaggerate and hence confirm the effects of treatment. The fruit was stored at 12 °C for 3 weeks and at 20 °C for the 4th week to reflect three weeks of sea shipment at the ideal temperature for storage of pummelos and an additional week of retail under ambient conditions. Neither irradiation nor storage affected juice content, organic acids, sugars, peel or pulp color and consumer sensory preference, although numerous volatiles increased in concentration as a result of irradiation treatment. Irradiation caused an immediate reduction in whole fruit and pulp firmness in ‘Chandler’ but not ‘Sarawak’ pummelos at both 150 Gy and 1000 Gy. The quality of irradiated pummelos stored at refrigerated temperature for 3 weeks was similar to untreated pummelos, however, physical handling and exposure to higher temperature resulted in increased peel pitting of irradiated fruit compared to non-treated fruit. The results suggest that irradiation could serve as a potential phytosanitary treatment for Chandler and Sarawak pummelos, provided that the fruit is subjected to minimal handling and not temperature abused

Impact of malnutrition on head size and development quotient

Background: Malnutrition is one of the most common global health problem. It produces notable morphological changes in the brains which damage the intellectual potential and leads to reduced brain size, inferred from measurements of head circumference(HC). Aim is to study the impact of malnutrition on head size and development quotient(DQ) in children suffering with malnutrition.Methods: It is a hospital based study on 120 children including 100 moderates to severely malnourished children and 20 healthy controls aged 6-60 months admitted in malnutrition treatment center. Statistical analysis of head circumference and development quotient was done with severity of malnutrition and with each other.Results: Out of 120 children, 80 were severely malnourished (SAM) and 20 were moderately malnourished (MAM) and 20 age and sex matched controls were taken. Mean age was 19.00±8.54 months. 36.25% of severely malnourished, 5% of moderately malnourished children and none in control had microcephaly (HC<-3SD). Mean DQ was 57.46±14.98, 78.35±6.60 and 94.45±3.96 in SAM, MAM and control children respectively. Statistically significant association was found for head circumference and development quotient with severity of malnutrition and with each other.Conclusions: SAM adversely affects the developing brain of children as evidenced in our study by reduced head size and low DQ scores in children suffering from malnutrition. As seen in this study, prevalence of microcephaly and lower DQ scores increases with severity of malnutrition. Therefore, the study emphasizes the importance of early and timely intervention in such children before the severity of malnutrition increases to an extent of irreversible effects on brain and development