Assessment of Household Food Security and its Relationship with Some Pregnancy Complications

Background and purpose: Household food insecurity is defined as limited or uncertain access to nutritionally adequate and safe food or limited ability to obtain foods in socially acceptable ways. Household food insecurity is associated with weight especially in women, so, this study aimed at determining the relationship between household food security status and gestational weight gain and weight-related complications in pregnancy. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014 in 700 mothers attending health centers in Tehran. Questionnaires of household food security US Department of Agriculture (USDA) and general information were used for data collection. Chi-square, independent sample T-test and logistic regression were also applied for statistical analysis. Results: The results showed that the prevalence of food insecurity among mothers was 34.8%. There were 25.4% of mothers who were found with food insecurity without hunger. Among the subjects food insecurity with moderate hunger was observed in 8% and 1.4% were seen with food insecurity with severe hunger. Socio-economic survey showed that mothers with household food-insecurity were young housewives with lower education who had many children and low incomes. Based on the final logistic regression model and after adjusting the confounding variables, food insecurity was found associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (OR= 2.12, CI 1.36 - 3.33) and pregnancy induced hypertension (OR= 1.64, CI 1.01 to 2.67) but not associated with risk of proteinuria (P>0.05). Conclusion: According to findings living in food insecure households may increase the risk of pregnancy complications

Association of sleep disturbances with TV and satellite watching and video games playing in 14-17 years old high school students of Qazvin

Background: Sleep plays an important role in health. Reduced levels of attention, learning and memory are of adverse outcomes of sleep disorders in students. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the association of sleep disturbances with watching TV and satellite and playing video games in 14-17 years old high school students of Qazvin. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in 653 high school students (14-17 years old) in Qazvin that were selected by multistage cluster random sampling method (2013-2014). Data were collected through Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) and BEARS questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test, T-test, ANOVA and logistic regression analysis. Findings: From 653 students, 392 (60%) were female. The mean age was 15.73±0.99 years. The most prevalent sleep disturbances were waking up at night (74.4%), daytime sleepiness (69.8%), napping after school (66.6%), and nightmare (51.1%), respectively. Daytime sleepiness, nightmares, sleep after waking up, falling asleep in school, and nap after school time had significant association with watching satellite. Conclusion: With regards to the results, prevalence of sleep disorders was high in high school students of Qazvin and sleep disturbances were associated with duration of watching satellite