Study Habits of Higher Secondary School Students of Working and Non-working Mothers

The present study aims at to find out whether the study habits of higher secondary school students of working mothers (WM) differ significantly from those of non-working mothers (NWM). The study further compared the study habits of higher secondary school students of working and non-working mothers on the basis of gender. The sample of the study consisted of 100 secondary school students (25 male students of working mothers, 25 female students of working mothers, 25 male students of non-working mothers & 25 female students of non-working mothers)of the age group 16 to 18 years  belonging to different localities selected randomly from different educational institutions of district Pulwama, Jammu & Kashmir. Study Habit Inventory constructed by Mukhopadhyaya, M & Sansanwal, D.N was administered to the selected sample to assess their study habits and Self constructed General Information Questionnaire was used to elicit information regarding the subjects age, sex, family type, single parent or both parent, mother whether working or non-working, kind of work, number of working hours, educated/uneducated etc. The data so collected was analyzed statistically by employing mean, SD and t-test. The study revealed there were insignificant differences between the adolescent students of WM and NWM on the measure of comprehension, study sets, interaction, drilling, recording and language dimensions of study habits but significant differences were found between the students of working and non-working mothers on the measures of concentration, task orientation and supports. Regarding the total study habits the higher secondary school students of working mothers had significantly better study habits than those having non-working mothers. Further the study revealed that female students of WM had significantly better study habits fallowed by male students of WM, female students of NWM and male students of NWM. Key Words: Study Habits, Working and Non-working mothers, Higher Secondary School Student

Antimicrobial Resistance

Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) pose an emerging threat to public health sector worldwide. They are one of the potent nosocomial pathogens and cause variety of infections including pneumonia, septicaemia, wound infections, urinary tract infections and catheter-associated infections. From the last two decades, these pathogens are becoming more powerful due to the acquisition of resistomes on different types of plasmids and transposons. There are four main mechanisms of antibacterial resistance such as efflux pump, target alteration, membrane permeability and notably enzymes hydrolysis. K. pneumoniae produce different types of enzymes but most importantly extended spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL), carbapenemase and metallo-β-lactamase (MBL). K. pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPCs) and New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) producing isolates displayed resistance not only against the β-lactam drugs (penicillins, cephalosporins and carbapenems) but also to other classes of antibiotics (aminoglycosides and quinolones). Therapeutic options available to treat serious infections caused by these extensively drug-resistant pathogens are limited to colistin, tigecycline and fosfomycin. Hence, combination therapy has also been recommended to treat such bacteria with clinical side effects, therefore, new treatment regime must be required. Moreover, we are relying on conventional diagnostic tools, however, novel techniques must be required for robust identification of multi-drug-resistant bacteria

Histopathological Studies on Stunting Syndrome in Broilers, Lahore, Pakistan

Runting stunting syndrome (RSS) is a multifactorial disease with many names and faces that had caused considerable economic losses to poultry through reduced uniformity, reduced livability, decreased body weights, elevated feed conversions, and many secondary diseases. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of stunting syndrome on histopathology in chicks () of different ages collected from nine different farms. Grouping was done on the basis of age (G1 = 1–10 days, G2 = 11–20 days, G3 = 21–30 days, and G4 = 31–40 days) including both stunted and normal chicks. Histopathological findings were the intestinal lesions (29%), including degeneration of villi, crypts, epithelial cells and lamina propria. Pancreatic histopathological lesions (16.65%) included the fibrosis, vacuolation, and degeneration of acinar cells. Degeneration of follicles and epithelial cells, of bursa of fabricius (43%) and dilation of glandular cells of proventriculus including lymphocytes infiltration (5.6%) were other histopathological findings. All these changes may interfere with normal digestive processes and normal body functioning resulting in poor weight gain and retarded growth or stunting of chicks

Histopathological studies on stunting syndrome in broilers

Runting stunting syndrome (RSS) is a multifactorial disease with many names and faces that had caused considerable economic losses to poultry through reduced uniformity, reduced livability, decreased body weights, elevated feed conversions, and many secondary diseases. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of stunting syndrome on histopathology in chicks ( = 120) of different ages collected from nine different farms. Grouping was done on the basis of age (G1 = 1-10 days, G2 = 11-20 days, G3 = 21-30 days, and G4 = 31-40 days) including both stunted and normal chicks. Histopathological findings were the intestinal lesions (29%), including degeneration of villi, crypts, epithelial cells and lamina propria. Pancreatic histopathological lesions (16.65%) included the fibrosis, vacuolation, and degeneration of acinar cells. Degeneration of follicles and epithelial cells, of bursa of fabricius (43%) and dilation of glandular cells of proventriculus including lymphocytes infiltration (5.6%) were other histopathological findings. All these changes may interfere with normal digestive processes and normal body functioning resulting in poor weight gain and retarded growth or stunting of chicks

Comparison of neonatal outcome of elective cesarean section done at 37–38 weeks of gestation and at 39-40 weeks of gestation

Objective: The study aimed to compare the CS between 37 and 38 weeks gestational weeks and those performed between 39-40 weeks gestational weeks in order to determine the neonatal outcome and complications. Study design: comparative cross-sectional. Place and Duration of study: The study was conducted on 200 pregnant women in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baqai Medical University, Fatima Hospital, Gadap Karachi from January 2021 to December 2022. Methodology: Women with term singleton pregnancies scheduled for elective cesarean section at 37 - 38 weeks and 39-40 weeks of gestation without medical comorbidities were enrolled.. All the patients were distributed into two groups: Group-A composed of pregnant women with gestational age 37-38 weeks and Group-B pregnant women with gestational age of 39-40 weeks. Data such as maternal age, gestational age, parity, and neonatal complication neonatal weight were collected. Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN), sepsis, NICU admission, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), and neonatal outcomes were noted. Repeat C-Section, malpresentation, Cephalopelvic Disproportionation (CPD), maternal request were different causes for elective cesarean section. Data was collected from those patients who were admitted in ward for elective cesarean section through a pre designed proforma. Data analysis was done in SPSS version 27.&nbsp