Les tumeurs malignes de l'aorte (à propos de trois observations)

ANGERS-BU Médecine-Pharmacie (490072105) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Effets d'un hydrolysat enzymatique de poissons gadides "gabolysat" sur l'utilisation digestive de la ration du porc en croissance finition

National audienc

Effets d'un hydrolysat enzymatique de poissons gadides "gabolysat" sur l'utilisation digestive de la ration du porc en croissance finition

National audienc

Ileal digestibility of amino acids of cassava, sweet potato, cocoyam and erythrina foliages fed to growing pigs

International audienceIleal digestibility in growing pigs fed starch-based diets with inclusion of four tropical leaves in a meal form was studied in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. Five diets were formulated with only casein as protein source in the basal diet (CAS), and casein plus dry cassava (CA) leaves, casein plus dry sweet potato (SP) leaves, casein plus dry cocoyam (CO) leaves and casein plus erythrina (ER) leaves in the other four diets. All diets contained the same amount of CP (14%), either provided by only CAS or a combination of casein and 250 g of leaf meal per kg of diet in the other diets. Leaves were separated manually from stems, and only the leaf part was used. A protein-free diet was fed during a sixth period in order to estimate the endogenous protein losses and calculate the CP- and amino-acid (AA)-standardized ileal digestibility (SID) values. The values for the foliages were calculated according to the difference method, assuming no interaction between the foliage and the casein. The ileal tract apparent digestibility of CP, organic matter and energy was higher in diet CAS than in the other diets (P < 0.05). The SID of CP and AA was close to 0.950 for casein, whereas the SID of AA was markedly lower in the foliages; the SID of indispensable and dispensable AA was highest in CO (0.500 and 0.352) and lowest in ER (0.170 and 0.195); intermediate values were obtained for SPs (0.367 and 0.349) and CA (0.232 and 0.242) leaves. Accordingly, the SID of lysine was highest (0.538) for CO leaves and lowest (0.126) in ER leaves; intermediate values were measured for CA and SP leaves. These low SID values in foliage meals must be related to the high levels of dietary fibre and the presence of secondary metabolites (tannins). These results suggest that it is only possible to replace a fraction of the conventional protein sources such as soyabean meal by tropical foliages in growing pig diets with a preference for CO leaves

Prediction of the standardized ileal true digestibility of amino acids from chemical composition of oilseed meals in the growing pig

International audienc

Effects of adding potassium diformate and phytase excess for weaned piglets

International audienc

Predicting feed digestibility from NIRS analysis of pig faeces

Digestibility is a key parameter in the evaluation of feeds; however, the measurements on animals require heavy experimental trials, which are hardly feasible when large numbers of determinations are required - for example, in genetic studies. This experiment aimed at investigating the possibility to predict digestibility from NIRS spectra measured on faeces. A total of 196 samples were available from a digestibility experiment investigating the effects of age and genetic background of Large White pigs fed the same diet, rich in fibre (NDF=21.4% DM). Digestibility of dry matter (dDM), organic matter (dOM), nitrogen content (dN), energy (dE) and apparent digestible energy content (ADE) were calculated, as well as total N content of faeces (N). The faeces samples were submitted to reflectance NIRS analysis after freeze-drying and grinding. Calibration errors and validation errors were, respectively, 0.08 and 0.13% DM for total N in faeces, 0.97% and 1.08% for dDM, 0.79% and 1.04% for dOM, 1.04% and 1.47% for dN, 0.87% and 1.12% for dE and 167 and 213 kJ/kg DM for ADE. These results indicate that NIRS can account for digestibility differences due to animal factors, with an acceptable accuracy. NIRS appears to be a promising tool for large-scale evaluations of digestibility. It could also be used for the study of digestibility of different feeds, after appropriate calibration based on a wide range of feed types

Utilisation et valeur énergetique du glycerol chez le porc en croissance

National audienceGlycerol is a by‐product of biodiesel production from fat sources whose availability is increasing. The objectives of the present study were to determine the nutritive value and the conditions of its use for growing pigs. In a first trial, digestible (DE) and metabolizable (ME) energy of crude glycerol (99%) and glycerol urine content were assessed with increased levels of glycerol in the diet (3, 6, 9 and 12%). Urinary excretion of glycerol became high at 9 and 12% inclusion rate and represented 12 and 24% of glycerol intake respectively. Therefore, while glycerol digestive utilization was high (95%; DE = 16.8 MJ per kg) irrespective of diet level, ME (16.6 MJ per kg) decreased when the daily intake of glycerol exceeded 3 g per kg bodyweight and per day. Net energy (NE) value of crude glycerol was estimated in a second trial in respiratory chambers, with 7.5% glycerol in the diet corresponding to a low urinary excretion. Considering a 13.3 MJ NE/kg dry matter of crude glycerol, 4 levels of glycerin (82.5% glycerol) were compared in 30‐115 kg pigs. No significant effect of glycerin level was observed on growth performances and carcass characteristics, except a decrease (3%) of average daily gain between 30 and 70 kg bodyweight in pigs fed with 4 and 6% of glycerin in the diet

Odeurs de verrat : effets génétiques et non génétiques

The European pig industry is engaged in a voluntary abandonment of surgical castration of male piglets by 2018. A condition of this abandonment is to solve different problems related to breeding boars, especially meat quality. One of the best ways is that of genetics, including genomic selection. A resource population has been implemented using French Pietrain pigs raised in a control animal testing station. About 1000 Pietrain type or cross‐type Pietrain x Large White boars were raised and slaughtered to determine the characteristics of sexual development, body composition and above all meat quality traits. Plasma testosterone concentration differed from one genetic type to another, but the differences were generally small. This concentration was not affected by the batch or by the weight of the animals or by their age at measurement. Androstenone content in backfat was not affected by the batch but the average almost doubled from one genetic type to another, the highest levels being observed both in one Pietrain type and in one crossbred type. Androstenone content increased with slaughter weight and plasma testosterone concentration. The effect of slaughter age depended on the genetic type. Skatole content in backfat was little affected by the concentration of testosterone, but varied from one batch to another, from one genetic type to another and decreased with age at slaughter.Les filières porcines européennes se sont engagées dans une démarche volontaire d’abandon de la castration chirurgicale des porcelets mâles à l’horizon 2018. L’une des conditions de cet abandon est de résoudre les différents problèmes liés à l’élevage de mâles entiers, et plus particulièrement ceux de qualité de viande. L’une des voies privilégiées est celle de la génétique, notamment la sélection génomique. Une population ressource a donc été mise en oeuvre dans des populations françaises de type Piétrain, avec un contrôle des animaux en station de testage. Environ 1000 verrats de type Piétrain ou de type croisé Piétrain x Large White ont été élevés et abattus pour déterminer les caractères de production, de développement sexuel, de composition corporelle et surtout de défaut d’odeur de viande. La concentration en testostérone plasmatique diffère d’un type génétique à l’autre, mais les différences restent globalement faibles. Cette concentration n’est pas affectée par la bande d’élevage, par le poids des animaux ou par leur âge à la mesure. La teneur en androsténone de la bardière n’est pas affectée par l’effet de la bande d’élevage mais varie quasiment du simple au double en moyenne d’un type génétique à l’autre, les teneurs les plus élevées étant observées à la fois dans un des types Piétrain pur et dans un des types croisés. Cette teneur augmente avec le poids d’abattage et la concentration plasmatique en testostérone. L’effet de l’âge à l’abattage dépend du type génétique. La teneur en scatol de la bardière est peu affectée par la concentration en testostérone mais varie d’une bande à l’autre, d’un type génétique à l’autre et diminue avec l’âge à l’abattage

Odeurs de verrat : effets génétiques et non génétiques

Les filières porcines européennes se sont engagées dans une démarche volontaire d’abandon de la castration chirurgicale des porcelets mâles à l’horizon 2018. L’une des conditions de cet abandon est de résoudre les différents problèmes liés à l’élevage de mâles entiers, et plus particulièrement ceux de qualité de viande. L’une des voies privilégiées est celle de la génétique, notamment la sélection génomique. Une population ressource a donc été mise en oeuvre dans des populations françaises de type Piétrain, avec un contrôle des animaux en station de testage. Environ 1000 verrats de type Piétrain ou de type croisé Piétrain x Large White ont été élevés et abattus pour déterminer les caractères de production, de développement sexuel, de composition corporelle et surtout de défaut d’odeur de viande. La concentration en testostérone plasmatique diffère d’un type génétique à l’autre, mais les différences restent globalement faibles. Cette concentration n’est pas affectée par la bande d’élevage, par le poids des animaux ou par leur âge à la mesure. La teneur en androsténone de la bardière n’est pas affectée par l’effet de la bande d’élevage mais varie quasiment du simple au double en moyenne d’un type génétique à l’autre, les teneurs les plus élevées étant observées à la fois dans un des types Piétrain pur et dans un des types croisés. Cette teneur augmente avec le poids d’abattage et la concentration plasmatique en testostérone. L’effet de l’âge à l’abattage dépend du type génétique. La teneur en scatol de la bardière est peu affectée par la concentration en testostérone mais varie d’une bande à l’autre, d’un type génétique à l’autre et diminue avec l’âge à l’abattage.The European pig industry is engaged in a voluntary abandonment of surgical castration of male piglets by 2018. A condition of this abandonment is to solve different problems related to breeding boars, especially meat quality. One of the best ways is that of genetics, including genomic selection. A resource population has been implemented using French Pietrain pigs raised in a control animal testing station. About 1000 Pietrain type or cross‐type Pietrain x Large White boars were raised and slaughtered to determine the characteristics of sexual development, body composition and above all meat quality traits. Plasma testosterone concentration differed from one genetic type to another, but the differences were generally small. This concentration was not affected by the batch or by the weight of the animals or by their age at measurement. Androstenone content in backfat was not affected by the batch but the average almost doubled from one genetic type to another, the highest levels being observed both in one Pietrain type and in one crossbred type. Androstenone content increased with slaughter weight and plasma testosterone concentration. The effect of slaughter age depended on the genetic type. Skatole content in backfat was little affected by the concentration of testosterone, but varied from one batch to another, from one genetic type to another and decreased with age at slaughter