Design Of I2C Master With Multiple Slave

This paper implements serial data communication using I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) master/slave bus controller. The I2C master/slave bus controller was designed, which act as either master or slave as per the requirement. This module was designed in Verilog HDL and simulated and synthesized in Questasim 10.0c. I2C master initiates data transmission and in order of operation slave responds to it. It can be used to interface low speed peripherals like motherboard, embedded system, mobile phones, set top boxes, DVD, PDA’s or other electronic devices. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15058

In-Service Information Required in a Redesign Task: An Analysis of Documents from the Aerospace Industry

This research was undertaken in an aerospace company, which manufactures aero engines and also offers contracts, under which it remains responsible for the maintenance of engines. These contracts allow the company to collect far more data about the in-service performance of their engines than was previously available. This paper aims at understanding what parts of this in-service information are accessed when components or systems of existing aero engines need to be redesigned, because they have not performed as expected in service. In an attempt to address this aim, five case studies involving the redesign of components of an aero engine are examined. The redesign is based on the in-service experience of the existing components.The findings provide an understanding of the different types of information, and in particular the types of in-service information, accessed by designers in a redesign task

Representing Interventions from the Base of the Pyramid

The base of the world economic pyramid, generally called the base of the pyramid (BoP), consists of four billion people with average per day income of four dollars. While some authors suggest a systems approach to design and develop products and services (i.e. interventions) for BoP markets, a little work has been carried out in this area. Furthermore, a framework to represent interventions in the BoP (i.e. socio-technical systems) and the resulting changes of state is not available. The reviewed studies on technical systems include models that represent inputs and the resulting changes of state in such systems; however, these studies have not been used to represent interventions in socio-technical systems. By modifying a causality model of technical systems, this study develops a framework called the IASTS model to represent interventions in a socio-technical system. It then explains the IASTS model by analyzing two case studies drawn from the BoP

Adapting a causality model of technical systems to represent socio-technical systems: A Case study from the BoP

The base of the world economic pyramid, generally called the base of the pyramid (BoP), consists of four billion people with average daily income of four dollars. Over the past several years, the design and development of products and services for BoP markets has been investigated by several authors from different disciplines. While some authors suggest a systems approach to design and develop products and services for these markets, a little work has been carried out in this area. Specifically, no studies have been found in the reviewed literature that systematically explain how businesses bring about systemic changes in BoP markets. This study methodically explains how businesses bring about systemic changes in these markets through the design and development process. In order to explain these systemic changes, the study first describes the development of a causality-model for socio-technical systems by modifying a causality-model of technical systems. It then explains the developed causality model for the BoP. Lastly, it tests this model by an in-depth investigation of a case study from the BoP. The findings systematically explain the need of: gaining an in-depth understanding of the existing BoP system to bring about desired actions (e.g. gaining profits, satisfying under-served or un-met needs of BoP customers, etc.); including different stakeholders from the BoP in the design and development process; and appropriately modifying existing BoP system before deploying products and services. In addition, this study proposes some applications of the developed causality-model to support practitioners involved in designing, developing and assessing interventions (i.e. products and services) for BoP markets

High Performance AXI4 to AHB Bridge (Using a local interface)

In this paper, we have presented the design of a high performance AXI to AHB Bridge. The AMBA (Advanced Micro controller Bus Architecture) developed by ARM is a widely used interconnection standard for System on Chip (SOC). The AMBA 4.0 supports a rich set of bus signals, hence supporting high speed pipelined data transfers. The goal of this project is to synthesize and simulate an interface bridge for Advanced High performance Bus (AHB) to support for both high bandwidth data transfer using a single AXI4.0 transaction. The bridge provides interface between the high performance AXI 4.0 and high bandwidth peripherals of AHB domain. It has a slave interface which receives the AXI4 master transactions and converts them to AHB master transactions and initiates them on the AHB bus.Here we will also be using a local interface with the system. and one of the main advantages of which is that in future while replacing any of the protocols on the either side, the entire system does not need to programmed, but only the protocol that has been replaced

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF STABILITY INDICATING HPTLC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF IGURATIMOD IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM

Objective: The objective of the work was to develop and validate stability indicating HPTLC method for the estimation of Iguratimod. Methods: The method employed HPTLC aluminium pre-covered silica gel 60 GF254 plates (10 cm × 10 cm with 250 μm layer thickness) as stationary phase while the solvent system was n-Hexane: Ethyl Acetate (5:5 v/v) with densitometric scanning at 256 nm. Sample was applied as a band of 8 mm width using Camag 100 μl sample syringe (Hamilton, Switzerland) using a linomat 5 applicator (Camag, Switzerland). Migration distance was 80 mm. Further the sample was subjected for stress conditions under acid and base hydrolysis, oxidation, thermal, neutral and photolytic conditions. Method validation done according to ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines. Results: Retention factor (Rf) of the drug was 0.41±0.02. The linearity of the method was found to be within the concentration range of 200-1200 ng/band with R2= 0.983. Limit of detection and limit of quantification were found to be 34.69 and 105.12 ng/band respectively. The % mean recovery was found to be 100.38±0.83. Stress results showed that there is degradation in acid and base conditions but two degradant peaks were observed only under alkaline stress condition Conclusion: The developed method found to be accurate, simple and precise. Method is successfully employed for quantification of the drug under various stress conditions

Design of Multichannel UART Controller with AXI4.0 Lite Interface

UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter) is basically used for long distance slow speed serial communication. When it comes to latest SOC high speed communication design single channel requires more time and lots of interrupt to process the data. To overcome this disadvantage here high speed multi channel UART controller has been implemented which will be used for avoid synchronization error between and high speed master and different slave devices. AMBA AXI4.0-Lite high speed bus is also interfaced with UART Controller. AXI4.0 is reconfigurable and can be updated to any other high speed bus in future. Whole design is simulated using Verilog HDL in Questasim 10.0b software with the help of verilog testbench. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15052

Design for the BOP and the TOP: Requirements handling behaviour of designers

The base (BOP) and the top (TOP) of the world income pyramid represent the people living in poverty and the people from developed countries, respectively. In the approach of business development combined with poverty alleviation, the design of products for the BOP plays an important role. There is an urgent need to develop an understanding of the process of designing products for the BOP. Requirements handling is an important ingredient of a design process. This research, using a protocol study, examined the differences between the requirements handling behaviour of designers when they design a product for the BOP and TOP markets. We found differences between their requirements handling behaviour in terms of their attention to different topics of requirements, and their handling of solution-specific and solution-neutral requirements

Design and Development of Products and Services at the Base of the Pyramid: A Review of Issues and Solutions

Abstract in UndeterminedThe base of the world income pyramid, generally called the ‘Base of the Pyramid’ (BoP), consists of four billion people with average per day income of less than four dollars. Over the past several years, the design and development of products and services at the BoP (BoP people as producers and consumers as well) has been investigated by several authors from different disciplines. A literature review showed that the issues (i.e. constraints) in designing and developing products and services at the BoP and ingredients of solutions addressing these issues have not been synthesised. Furthermore, quantitative findings on these issues and solution-ingredients are lacking. This paper addresses these gaps by pulling together the issues and solution-ingredients in the BoP from the reviewed literature and comparing these with a large study found in this literature. In addition, through the analysis of the data available in this large study, we extracted some quantitative findings on these issues and solution-ingredients, and identified relationships between them. We have discussed the practical implications of these findings. This study adds to the growing body of literature on the sustainable development at the BoP