Role of fine-needle aspiration cytology in the evaluation of salivary gland lesion with utilization of Milan system for reporting

Background: Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) plays a role in the pre-operative diagnosis of salivary gland mass lesion. Salivary gland neoplasm accounts for 6% of all head and neck tumors. It is widely used safe and relatively non-traumatic procedure that can quickly provide important information. “The Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology” (MSRSGC) was introduced, providing a guide for diagnosis and management according to the risk of malignancy (ROM) in different categories. Aims and Objectives: The objectives of the study are as follows: (1) To evaluate different types of salivary gland lesion in tertiary care center. (2) To see application of Milan system in the present scenario. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based and prospective study was conducted between March 2021 and September 2022 on all cases of salivary gland lesions who were referred for FNAC to the Department of Pathology at Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College Hospital in Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh. In the present study, we categorize salivary gland cytopathology result as per Milan system (MSRSGC) and calculated diagnostic accuracy and ROM in each category of Milan system (MSRSGC). Results: Seventy seven cases distributed according to Milan category as follows: Non-diagnostic (ND) (2.59), non-neoplastic (NN) (29.33%), atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) (1.29%), 4a. Benign (29.87%), 4b. Salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential (SUMP) (1.29%), suspicious of malignancy (SOM) (1.29%), and malignancy (10.38%). Out of 77 cases, histological follow-up was available in 27 cases and the ROM was calculated. The ROM for each category of the Milan system is as follows: ND (0%), NN (6.66%), AUS (100%), 4a. Benign (9.09%), 4b. SUMP (0%), SOM (100%), and Malignancy (100%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy were 77.7%, 100%, 100%, 92.59%, and 94.11%. Conclusion: FNAC of the salivary gland lesions is a safe, minimum invasive, and reliable diagnostic procedure. The Milan system of reporting is a risk stratification system which can improve the overall effectiveness of reporting

Awareness and utilization of Geriatric Welfare Schemes among urban elderly population of District Gautam Budh Nagar

Background: India has 8.6% elderly population which is going to increase to 12% by 2025. Government of India is providing for the elderly through various social security and welfare schemes as well as legislations. But various studies, mostly in rural areas have shown that the awareness regarding these schemes was poor and incomplete. Utilization of schemes by the beneficiaries was even poorer. Very few studies have assessed the same in urban areas. Aims & Objectives: To assess the awareness and utilization of geriatric welfare schemes and factors associated with them among urban elderly. Material & Methods: The study was conducted in urban field practice area of Dept of Community Medicine, SMS&R, Greater Noida. 402 elderly living in slums of Bhangel, Noida, were interviewed using semi structured questionnaire assuming 50% awareness levels in the urban area with 10% relative precision and 95% confidence interval. Results: Awareness regarding any one scheme was 31.6%, of whom only one fourth subjects knew about more than one scheme. Among those who knew about the schemes, only 40% were utilizing them. The awareness as well as utilization was found to be significantly associated with religion, caste and educational status of the subject. Conclusion: The study shows poor awareness and even poorer utilization of geriatric welfare schemes among elderly people of urban slums. Further studies are required for judging the influencing factors

Association between Psychological Well-Being and Gender: A study among College Students from central India

Context: Psychological well-being (PWB) is affected by physical health, personality, life experiences, gender, socioeconomic status, and culture. Gender is an important social determinant of health and gender-based analysis is necessary to rectify women’s and men’s health and health care. Aims: The purpose of this study was to assess the psychological well-being of college students and to determine the significant gender differences and association with regard to psychological well-being aspects. Settings and Design: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 250 college students selected by simple random sampling. Methods and Material: The Ryff’s PWB Scale, 42-item version used for assessment of PWB and data were collected by self-administering questionnaire. Internal consistency of the scales was estimated and descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, regression analysis was done. Results: A total of 243 students’ questionnaire were analyzed. The mean age of the participants was 19.33 ±1.77 years, and 72% of participants were male. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for internal consistency of Ryff’s PWB scale was 0.832 in this study. The mean of PWB is 197 ±20.67 and female reached a higher score in all the parameters of PWB than male, differences were (t=4.76, P < 0.001) significant. Simple linear regression showed that gender was a highly significant (P < 0.001) predictor of PWB. Conclusions: The females had a better psychological well-being in terms of all dimensions rather than males. It suggests that there was difference in term of psychological well-being for those male and female respondents