Imunski kompleksi u krvnom serumu teladi sa kliničkim simptomima bronhopneumonije

Pneumonia in preruminant calves is a multifactorial disease. Infectious agents, the environment, management and the immune status of the calves are all important factors in determining the outcome of an infection. Until today, the level and composition of circulating immune complexes in preruminant calves with pneumonia have not been studied in detail. We performed this work with the aim to determine whether pneumonia in three-month-old calves is followed by changes in the immune complex level and changes in the γ-globulin level as their possible constituents. Immune complexes from the calves' sera were isolated by polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation methods. Optical density at 350 nm (OD350) of redissolved precipitates was measured to determine the circulating immune complexes level. The OD350 level of PEG precipitates of calves with pneumonia at the time of diagnosis was 0.577±0.206 and it was statistically significantly higher (p lt 0.001) than OD350 the level of PEG precipitates of healthy calves (0.286±0.080). Electrophoretic analysis of sera and PEG precipitates showed that both slow and fast γ-globulins are found among serum and immune-complexes' γ-globulins, but the concentration of fast γ-globulins was significantly lower in sera of diseased calves. The level of PEG precipitable immune complexes was not correlated with the concentration of serum and PEG precipitable g-globulins. The results of this study have shown that by relatively simple PEG precipitation assay it is possible to detect an increased level of circulating immune complexes in calves with pneumonia. This can be used as an additional diagnostic parameter for the detection and follow up of the disease.Oboljenja respiratornog trakta goveda su kompleksne etiologije, a javljaju se kao posledica interakcije imunskog sistema jedinke, stresogenih činilaca prisutnih u spoljašnjoj sredini i patogenih mikroorganizama. Nivo i uloga cirkulišućih imunskih kompleksa u serumima teladi obolelih od ove bolesti do sada nisu izučavani. Ovaj rad je urađen sa ciljem da se utvrdi da li su bolesti respiratornog trakta kod teladi u uzrastu od tri meseca praćene promenom nivoa imunskih kompleksa u serumu i promenom nivoa serumskih proteina, pre svega γ globulina, kao osnovnih konstituenata imunskih kompleksa. Imunski kompleksi iz seruma teladi su izolovani precipitacijom polietilen glikolom (PEG-om). Nivo PEG precipitabilnih imunskih kompleksa je određivan merenjem optičke gustine PEG precipitata na 350 nm (OD350). OD350 PEG precipitata obolele teladi je iznosila 0,577±0,206 i bila je statistički značajno viša (p lt 0,001) u odnosu na vrednosti dobijene kod zdrave teladi (OD350 = 0,286±0,080). U γ-globulinskoj frakciji seruma i PEG precipitata i zdrave i obolele teladi bili su prisutni i spori, katjonski, i brzi, anjonski γ-globulini, ali je koncentracija brzih γ-globulina bila značajno niža kod obolele teladi. Nivo ukupnih γ-globulina i γ-globulinskih frakcija nije statistički značajno korelirao sa nivoom PEG precipitabilnih imunskih kompleksa. Na osnovu dobijenih razultata može se zaključiti da se u serumima tri meseca starih teladi obolelih od bolesti respiratornog trakta detektuje povećan nivo PEG precipitabilnih imunskih kompleksa, a rezultati dobijeni ovim relativno jednostavnim testom mogu se koristiti kao dodatni parametar za dijagnozu i praćenje toka bolesti

SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF Mn(II)/Zn(II) BIPHASIC MATERIAL

Reakcijom izmene liganada sintetisan je dvofazni materijal I izgrađen od kompleksa [Mn(dipya)(H2O)4](tpht) i {[Zn(dipya)(tpht)]·H2O}n(tpht = anjon tereftalne kiseline, dipya = 2,2’-dipiridilamin) i okarakterisan je rendgenskom difrakcijom praha (XRPD), elementarnom analizom i IC-spektroskopijom. Ritveldovom metodom utvrđena je struktura obe faze na osnovu poznatih kristalnih struktura kompleksa [Mn(dipya)(H2O)4](tpht) (monokliničan sistem, prostorna grupa P21/c, a = 7,62769(7), b = 23,8578(2), c = 11,09364(20) Å, β = 102,2997(10) °) i {[Zn(dipya)(tpht)]·H2O}n (monokliničan sistem, prostorna grupa P21/n, a = 9,83498(12), b = 14,40421(15), c = 12,27228(16) Å, β = 95,7954(9) °), koje su određene rendgenskom strukturnom analizom [1, 2]. Odnos faza [Mn(dipya)(H2O)4](tpht) i {[Zn(dipya)(tpht)]·H2O}n u I iznosio je 31:69 mas. %. Rezultati utačnjavanja Ritveldovom metodom u dobroj su saglasnosti, sa neznatnim odstupanjem od strukturnih parametara originalnih struktura: Rp: 4,28, Rwp: 5,60, Rexp: 4,42, χ 2 : 1,60, RB: 2,39, Rf: 1,99 za Mn(II)-fazu i RB: 3,15, Rf: 3,13 za Zn(II)-fazu. Mn(II)-fazu obrazuju diskretne kompleksne jedinke [Mn(dipya)(H2O)4](tpht) u kojima tpht ima ulogu jona suprotnog naelektrisanja sa deformisano-oktaedarskom geometrijom Mn(II)-jona. Zn(II)-faza izgrađena je od cikcak lanaca {[Zn(dipya)(tpht)]·H2O}n, sa dva kristalografski različita mostovna tphtliganda: bis-helatnim i bis-monodentatnim. Zn(II)-jon se nalazi u deformisanom kvadratno-piramidalnom okruženju. Termičko ponašanje I ispitano je simultanom TG/DSC-analizom u atmosferi vazduha i azota. XRPD identifikacija čvrstog ostatka nakon analize u atmosferi vazduha pokazala je prisustvo dve faze: ZnO (ICDD PDF 36- 1451) i ZnMn2O4 (ICDD PDF 24-1123), čija je morfologija ispitana skenirajućom elektronskom mikroskopijom (SEM). Merenjem magnetne susceptibilnosti na niskim temperaturama utvrđene su magnetne interakcije u I i analizirana su fotoluminescentna svojstva na sobnoj temperaturi.A biphasic material I that is composed of complexes [Mn(dipya)(H2O)4](tpht) and {[Zn(dipya)(tpht)]·H2O}n(tpht = anion of terephthalic acid, dipya = 2,2’-dipyridylamine) has been synthesized by the ligand exchange reaction and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy. The structural characterization of each phase was performed by Rietveld method according to the known crystal structures of [Mn(dipya)(H2O)4](tpht) (monoclinic, space group P21/c, a = 7,62769(7), b = 23,8578(2), c = 11,09364(20) Å, β = 102,2997(10) °) and {[Zn(dipya)(tpht)]·H2O}n (monoclinic, space group P21/n, a = 9,83498(12), b = 14,40421(15), c = 12,27228(16) Å, β = 95,7954(9) °) determined from single crystal data [1, 2]. [Mn(dipya)(H2O)4](tpht) to {[Zn(dipya)(tpht)]·H2O}n phase-ratio in I was 31:69 wt. %. The Rietveld refinement results were in a good agreement with a minor deviation of the final structural parameters from the original structures: Rp: 4.28, Rwp: 5.60, Rexp: 4.42, χ 2 : 1.60, RB: 2.39, Rf: 1.99 for the Mn(II)-phase, and RB: 3.15, Rf: 3.13 for the Zn(II)-phase. The Mn(II)-phase consists of discrete complex units [Mn(dipya)(H2O)4](tpht) in which the tpht is counter anion and with distorted octahedral geometry of Mn(II) ion. The Zn(II)-phase is comprised of zigzag chains of {[Zn(dipya)(tpht)]·H2O}n, with two crystallographically different tpht bridges: bischelate and bis-monodentate and Zn(II) ion in a distorted square pyramidal environment. The thermal behavior of I was studied by simultaneous TG/DSC analysis in both air and N2 atmospheres. XRPD identification of the solid residue after analysis in air atmosphere confirmed the presence of two phases: ZnO (ICDD PDF 36-1451) and ZnMn2O4 (ICDD PDF 24-1123), whose morphologies were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The magnetic susceptibility measurements at low temperatures of I were performed in order to examine the magnetic interactions and photoluminescence properties at room temperature have been investigated