Urban community-based services in China: tensions in the transitions

Instead of claiming responsibility in caring for its citizens from cradle to grave, China now emphasizes ‘small government and big society’ in its allocation of social services. In one southwest province of China, as a result of the urban Community Residents Committee (CRC) Organization Acts of 1989, the CRC has become the core of social services in this region and is on the front line of social service delivery. This paper reports the results of a field study on the CRC at a number of pilot demonstration sites in this province. Focus group discussions were conducted in order to identify characteristics and patterns of committee members’ experiences. Thematic patterns undergirding the future development of urban community-based social services in China are identified and discussed

Role of Social Support and Ego Network Characteristics on Quality of Life: Implications for Persons Involved with Mental Health Courts

Mental health courts offer alternatives to incarceration for persons with severe mental illness who are involved in the criminal justice system. These courts have the dual function of ensuring treatment for persons involved in the court as well as ensuring the safety of the public. Persons with severe mental illness who are involved in mental health courts rely on others for support, such as family members. Others may buttress the participant from engaging in criminal activities and provide for needs of the participant. The supportiveness as well as the composition of one’s network members may play a role in the success of mental health court participants, such as successfully completing the mental health court program and avoiding incarceration. Little research has explored how social support impacts mental health court participants. We explored how the composition and sense of support of network members were associated with mental health court participants’ quality of life. We regressed quality of life on social support and network characteristics of 80 participants in two mental health courts. Findings suggest that perceived support is positively associated with quality of life, and the proportion of family in one’s network was negatively related to quality of life. Findings suggest that persons involved in mental health courts need supportive others in their social networks in addition to family. More research is needed to explore the reasons having a higher proportion of family members in one’s network is associated with lower quality of life. Practitioners need to pay attention to and leverage mental health court participants’ social networks to help improve their quality of life

Adolescent Development as a Determinant of Family Cohesion: A Longitudinal Analysis of Adolescents in the Mobile Youth Survey

Previous research has demonstrated the effect of family cohesion on adolescent outcomes. However, little attention has been given to the effect of adolescence on the family environment. Family systems theory suggests that as adolescents develop, their development will impact the family environment. The current study examined the impact of adolescent development on family cohesion. Specifically, 4 years of data from the Mobile Youth Survey, a study of adolescents living in low-income neighborhoods in Mobile, Alabama, were analyzed. Survey participants were between the ages 13 and 16 and 97 % of them were Black American. Adolescent development was measured using three dimensions—identity style, self-worth, and hopelessness. Family cohesion was measured along two dimensions: maternal and paternal warmth. Adolescent gender was used as a covariate. The longitudinal models revealed that parents responded differently to identity styles and to levels of self-worth depending upon the adolescent’s gender. Our study provides evidence that family cohesion, a key predictor of adolescent behaviors, changes in response to adolescent development

The influence of cultural adaptation on depressive symptoms among young Hispanic immigrants

This study examines how cultural adaptation and family cohesion impact depressive symptoms in Hispanic immigrants that migrated to the U.S. by the age of 17. Using the National Latino and Asian American Study, a recursive regression was conducted on a hypothesized model demonstrating the relationship among the study variables: acculturation, acculturative stress, subjective social status, discrimination, ethnic social identity, dissonant acculturation, family cohesion and depressive symptoms. Psychosocial contextual variables are also included in the analysis and include gender, age, years in the U.S., education, income, and ethnicity. Results revealed two important themes in the data. The first is the importance of family in the adaptation process. As hypothesized, dissonant acculturation leads to the development of depressive symptoms. Additional findings concluded that family cohesion moderated the effect of dissonant acculturation. The second theme revealed in the data was the risk posed by acculturative stress in the adaptation process. Acculturative stress contributes directly to dissonant acculturation and to depressive symptoms. (Published By University of Alabama Libraries