Comparison of male and female vaccination rates by income group.

Comparison of male and female vaccination rates by income group.</p

Factors associated with taking a booster shot (those who had a COVID-19 vaccine before, n = 182,843,937).

Factors associated with taking a booster shot (those who had a COVID-19 vaccine before, n = 182,843,937).</p

Characteristics of population by income level.

COVID-19 vaccination has significantly decreased morbidity, hospitalizations, and death during the pandemic. However, disparities in vaccination uptake threatens to stymie the progress made in safeguarding the health of Americans. Using a nationally representative adult (≥18 years old) sample from the 2021 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), we aimed to explore disparities in COVID-19 vaccine and booster uptake by income levels. To reflect the nature of the survey, a weighted logistic regression analysis was used to explore factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine and booster uptake. A total of 241,645,704 (unweighted n = 21,554) adults were included in the analysis. Average (SD) age of the population was 49 (18) years old, and 51% were female. There were disparities in COVID-19 vaccine and booster uptake by income groups. All other income groups were less likely to receive COVID-19 vaccines and booster shot than those in the high-income group. Those in the poor income group had 55% lower odds of being vaccinated for COVID-19 (aOR = 0.45, p</div

Factors associated with taking a COVID-19 vaccine (male only n = 117,585,236).

Factors associated with taking a COVID-19 vaccine (male only n = 117,585,236).</p

Factors associated with taking a COVID-19 vaccine (female only n = 124,060,468).

Factors associated with taking a COVID-19 vaccine (female only n = 124,060,468).</p

Factors associated with taking a COVID-19 vaccine (all adults n = 241,645,704).

Factors associated with taking a COVID-19 vaccine (all adults n = 241,645,704).</p

sj-docx-1-inq-10.1177_00469580241226540 – Supplemental material for Differences in Telemedicine Use Between People With and Without an Intellectual or Other Developmental Disability During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-inq-10.1177_00469580241226540 for Differences in Telemedicine Use Between People With and Without an Intellectual or Other Developmental Disability During the COVID-19 Pandemic by Jaewhan Kim, Indrakshi Roy, Joseph Sanchez, Peter Weir, Richard Nelson and Kyle Jones in INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing</p

Incidental Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Patients with Confirmed and Unconfirmed Prediabetes

<div><p>Objective</p><p>To determine the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) diagnosis among patients with confirmed and unconfirmed prediabetes (preDM) relative to an at-risk group receiving care from primary care physicians over a 5-year period.</p><p>Study Design</p><p>Utilizing data from the Intermountain Healthcare (IH) Enterprise Data Warehouse (EDW) from 2006–2013, we performed a prospective analysis using discrete survival analysis to estimate the time to diagnosis of T2DM among groups.</p><p>Population Studied</p><p>Adult patients who had at least one outpatient visit with a primary care physician during 2006–2008 at an IH clinic and subsequent visits through 2013. Patients were included for the study if they were (a) at-risk for diabetes (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and one additional risk factor: high risk ethnicity, first degree relative with diabetes, elevated triglycerides or blood pressure, low HDL, diagnosis of gestational diabetes or polycystic ovarian syndrome, or birth of a baby weighing >9 lbs); or (b) confirmed preDM (HbA1c ≥ 5.7–6.49% or fasting blood glucose 100–125 mg/dL); or (c) unconfirmed preDM (documented fasting lipid panel and glucose 100–125 mg/dL on the same day).</p><p>Principal Findings</p><p>Of the 33,838 patients who were eligible for study, 57.0% were considered at-risk, 38.4% had unconfirmed preDM, and 4.6% had confirmed preDM. Those with unconfirmed and confirmed preDM tended to be Caucasian and a greater proportion were obese compared to those at-risk for disease. Patients with unconfirmed and confirmed preDM tended to have more prevalent high blood pressure and depression as compared to the at-risk group. Based on the discrete survival analyses, patients with unconfirmed preDM and confirmed preDM were more likely to develop T2DM when compared to at-risk patients.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Unconfirmed and confirmed preDM are strongly associated with the development of T2DM as compared to patients with only risk factors for disease.</p></div