910 research outputs found
Analytical solutions for a two-level system driven by a class of chirped pulses
We present analytical solutions for the problem of a two-level atom driven by
a class of chirped pulses. The solutions are given in terms of Heun functions.
Using appropriate chirping parameters an enhancement of four-orders of
magnitudes in the population transfer is obtained.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
Charge-Focusing Readout of Time Projection Chambers
Time projection chambers (TPCs) have found a wide range of applications in
particle physics, nuclear physics, and homeland security. For TPCs with
high-resolution readout, the readout electronics often dominate the price of
the final detector. We have developed a novel method which could be used to
build large-scale detectors while limiting the necessary readout area. By
focusing the drift charge with static electric fields, we would allow a small
area of electronics to be sensitive to particle detection for a much larger
detector volume. The resulting cost reduction could be important in areas of
research which demand large-scale detectors, including dark matter searches and
detection of special nuclear material. We present simulations made using the
software package Garfield of a focusing structure to be used with a prototype
TPC with pixel readout. This design should enable significant focusing while
retaining directional sensitivity to incoming particles. We also present first
experimental results and compare them with simulation.Comment: 5 pages, 17 figures, Presented at IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium 201
K*-couplings for the antidecuplet excitation
We estimate the coupling of the K* vector meson to the N-->Theta+ transition
employing unitary symmetry, vector meson dominance, and results from the GRAAL
Collaboration for eta photoproduction off the neutron. Our small numerical
value for the coupling constant is consistent with the non-observation of the
Theta+ in recent CLAS searches for its photoproduction. We also estimate the
K*-coupling for the N-->Sigma* excitation, with Sigma* being the Sigma-like
antidecuplet partner of the Theta+-baryon.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure. Minor changes in text and abstract, references
added; version to appear in Phys. Rev.
Sources and budgets for CO and O-3 in the northeastern Pacific during the spring of 2001: Results from the PHOBEA-II Experiment
Abstract. Ground and airborne measurements of CO, ozone, and aerosols were obtained in th
Neural crest stem cells undergo multilineage differentiation in developing peripheral nerves to generate endoneurial fibroblasts in addition to Schwann cells
Neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) persist in peripheral nerves throughout late gestation but their function is unknown. Current models of nerve development only consider the generation of Schwann cells from neural crest, but the presence of NCSCs raises the possibility of multilineage differentiation. We performed Cre-recombinase fate mapping to determine which nerve cells are neural crest derived. Endoneurial fibroblasts, in addition to myelinating and non-myelinating Schwann cells, were neural crest derived, whereas perineurial cells, pericytes and endothelial cells were not. This identified endoneurial fibroblasts as a novel neural crest derivative, and demonstrated that trunk neural crest does give rise to fibroblasts in vivo, consistent with previous studies of trunk NCSCs in culture. The multilineage differentiation of NCSCs into glial and non-glial derivatives in the developing nerve appears to be regulated by neuregulin, notch ligands, and bone morphogenic proteins, as these factors are expressed in the developing nerve, and cause nerve NCSCs to generate Schwann cells and fibroblasts, but not neurons, in culture. Nerve development is thus more complex than was previously thought, involving NCSC self-renewal, lineage commitment and multilineage differentiation
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Global 3-D Land-Ocean-Atmosphere Model for Mercury: Present-Day Versus Preindustrial Cycles and Anthropogenic Enrichment Factors for Deposition
We develop a mechanistic representation of land-atmosphere cycling in a global 3-D ocean-atmosphere model of mercury (GEOS-Chem). The resulting land-ocean-atmosphere model is used to construct preindustrial and present biogeochemical cycles of mercury, to examine the legacy of past anthropogenic emissions, to map anthropogenic enrichment factors for deposition, and to attribute mercury deposition in the United States. Land emission in the model includes prompt recycling of recently deposited mercury (600 Mg aβ1 for present day), soil volatilization (550 Mg aβ1), and evapotranspiration (550 Mg aβ1). The spatial distribution of soil concentrations is derived from local steady state between land emission and deposition in the preindustrial simulation, augmented for the present day by a 15% increase in the soil reservoir distributed following the pattern of anthropogenic deposition. Mercury deposition and hence emission are predicted to be highest in the subtropics. Our atmospheric lifetime of mercury against deposition (0.50 year) is shorter than past estimates because of our accounting of Hg(0) dry deposition, but recycling from surface reservoirs results in an effective lifetime of 1.6 years against transfer to long-lived reservoirs in the soil and deep ocean. Present-day anthropogenic enrichment of mercury deposition exceeds a factor of 5 in continental source regions. We estimate that 68% of the deposition over the United States is anthropogenic, including 20% from North American emissions (20% primary and <1% recycled through surface reservoirs), 31% from emissions outside North America (22% primary and 9% recycled), and 16% from the legacy of anthropogenic mercury accumulated in soils and the deep ocean.Earth and Planetary SciencesEngineering and Applied Science
Coherent Excitation of a Two-Level Atom driven by a far off-resonant Classical Field: Analytical Solutions
We present an analytical treatment of coherent excitation of a Two-Level Atom
driven by a far-off resonant classical field. A class of pulse envelope is
obtained for which this problem is exactly solvable. The solutions are given in
terms of Heun function which is a generalization of the Hypergeometric
function. The degeneracy of Heun to Hypergeometric equation can give all the
exactly solvable pulse shapes of Gauss Hypergeometric form, from the
generalized pulse shape obtained here. We discuss the application of the
results obtained to the generation of XUV.Comment: 9 Pages, 8 Figures. Accepted for Physical Review A as a regular
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