ARM MOTIONS FOR DIFFERENT TARGET POSITIONS DURING TAEKWONDO ROUNDHOUSE KICKS

The purpose of this study was to investigate arm motions for five different target positions during Taekwondo roundhouse kicks. Nine Taekwondo experts performed roundhouse kicks at a target. A 3D motion analysis was conducted. One-way repeated ANOVA was used to compare the arm motion among five conditions. This study reveals that a higher kick needs the increased vertical separation of the right and left arm (elbow and wrist) in release phase. For a longer kick at Body level, elbows should be more vertically apart and wrists should be more horizontally apart in the release phase. Both attackers and counter attackers in Taekwondo athletes can use the arm swing characteristics at different target heights and distances

EFFECTS OF FOOT PLACEMENT ON RESULTANT JOINT MOMENTS OF LOWER EXTREMITY JOINTS DURING SQUAT

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of foot placement (stance width and foot angle) on normalized sagittal- and frontal-plane resultant joint moments (NRJM) of the lower extremity joints during the squat. Forty-two participants were recruited: male (n = 21) and female (n = 21). Three-dimensional motion analysis and inverse dynamics analysis were conducted. There was a significant interaction between the stance width and foot angle on the NRJM in the sagittal plane, whereas there were significant main effects of the stance width, foot angle, and gender on the NRJM in the frontal plane

ANALYSIS OF THE TRUNK/SHOULDER COMPLEX MOTION DURING THE GOLF DRIVES USING A 5-SEGMENT TRUNK/SHOULDER MODEL

The purpose of this study was to quantify detailed trunk/shoulder complex motions during the golf drives using a new 5-segment trunk/shoulder model (pelvis, abdomen, thorax, and right/left shoulder girdles) and to describe the patterns of the relative motions of the trunk/shoulder segments. Fifteen male golfers were divided into two groups: skilled (n=8, 3-handicap or better) and less skilled (n=7, 13- to 18-handicap). The ranges of the orientation angles of the segments during the downswing were computed. In addition to the dominant rotation of the thorax, substantial frontal plane motions of the trunk segments (abdomen and thorax) and transverse plane motions of the shoulder girdles were observed. Only the frontal plane motion of the left shoulder girdle (elevation/depression) was identified as the factor which differentiated the groups

Epigenetic control of translation checkpoint and tumor progression via RUVBL1-EEF1A1 axis

Epigenetic dysregulation is reported in multiple cancers including Ewing sarcoma (EwS). However, the epigenetic networks underlying the maintenance of oncogenic signaling and therapeutic response remain unclear. Using a series of epigenetics- and complex-focused CRISPR screens, RUVBL1, the ATPase component of NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex, is identified to be essential for EwS tumor progression. Suppression of RUVBL1 leads to attenuated tumor growth, loss of histone H4 acetylation, and ablated MYC signaling. Mechanistically, RUVBL1 controls MYC chromatin binding and modulates the MYC-driven EEF1A1 expression and thus protein synthesis. High-density CRISPR gene body scan pinpoints the critical MYC interacting residue in RUVBL1. Finally, this study reveals the synergism between RUVBL1 suppression and pharmacological inhibition of MYC in EwS xenografts and patient-derived samples. These results indicate that the dynamic interplay between chromatin remodelers, oncogenic transcription factors, and protein translation machinery can provide novel opportunities for combination cancer therapy.</p

A Novel Biomolecule-Mediated Reduction of Graphene Oxide: A Multifunctional Anti-Cancer Agent

Graphene oxide (GO) is a monolayer of carbon atoms that form a dense honeycomb structure, consisting of hydroxyl and epoxide functional groups on the two accessible sides and carboxylic groups at the edges. In contrast, graphene is a two-dimensional sheet of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms packed into a honeycomb lattice. Graphene has great potential for use in biomedical applications due to its excellent physical and chemical properties. In this study, we report a facile and environmentally friendly approach for the synthesis of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) using uric acid (UA). The synthesized uric acid-reduced graphene oxide (UA-rGO) was fully characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Raman spectroscopy. GO and UA-rGO induced a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability and induced cytotoxicity in human ovarian cancer cells. The results from this study suggest that UA-rGO could cause apoptosis in mammalian cells. The toxicity of UA-rGO is significantly higher than GO. Based on our findings, UA-rGO shows cytotoxic effects against human ovarian cancer cells, and its synthesis is environmentally friendly. UA-rGO significantly inhibits cell viability by increasing lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, activation of caspase-3, and DNA fragmentation. This is the first report to describe the comprehensive effects of UA-rGO in ovarian cancer cells. We believe that the functional aspects of newly synthesized UA-rGO will provide advances towards various biomedical applications in the near future

Superprotonic Conductivity of MOFs Confining Zwitterionic Sulfamic Acid as Proton Source and Conducting Medium

A few metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which typically use strong acids as proton sources, display superprotonic conductivity (approximate to 10(-1) S cm(-1)); however, they are rare due to the instability of MOFs in highly acidic conditions. For the first time, we report superprotonic conductivity using a moderately acidic guest, zwitterionic sulfamic acid (HSA), which is encapsulated in MOF-808 and MIL-101. HSA acts not only as a proton source but also as a proton-conducting medium due to its extensive hydrogen bonding ability and zwitterion effect. A new sustained concentration gradient method results in higher HSA encapsulation compared to conventional methods, producing 10HSA@MOF-808-(bSA)(2) and 8HSA@MIL-101. These MOFs show impressive superprotonic conductivity of 2.47x10(-1) and 3.06x10(-1) S cm(-1), respectively, at 85 degrees C and 98 % relative humidity, and maintain stability for 7 days

Toward the multiscale nature of stress corrosion cracking

This article reviews the multiscale nature of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) observed by high-resolution characterizations in austenite stainless steels and Ni-base superalloys in light water reactors (including boiling water reactors, pressurized water reactors, and supercritical water reactors) with related opinions. A new statistical summary and comparison of observed degradation phenomena at different length scales is included. The intrinsic causes of this multiscale nature of SCC are discussed based on existing evidence and related opinions, ranging from materials theory to practical processing technologies. Questions of interest are then discussed to improve bottom-up understanding of the intrinsic causes. Last, a multiscale modeling and simulation methodology is proposed as a promising interdisciplinary solution to understand the intrinsic causes of the multiscale nature of SCC in light water reactors, based on a review of related supporting application evidence