Two-year Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Long Segments Drug-Eluting Stents: Comparison of Sirolimus-Eluting Stent with Paclitaxel-Eluting Stent

Limited data are available on the long-term clinical efficacy of drug-eluting stent (DES) in diffuse long lesions. From May 2006 to May 2007, a total of 335 consecutive patients (374 lesions) were underwent percutaneous coronary intervention with implantation of long DES (≥ 30 mm) in real world practice. Eight-month angiographic outcomes and 2-yr clinical outcomes were compared between SES (n = 218) and PES (n = 117). Study endpoints were major adverse cardiac events including cardiac death, myocardial infarction, target-lesion revascularization, target-vessel revascularization and stent thrombosis. Baseline characteristics were similar in the two groups as were mean stent length (44.9 ± 15.2 mm in SES and 47.4 ± 15.9 in PES, P = 0.121). Late loss at 8 months follow-up was significantly lower in SES than in PES group (0.4 ± 0.6 mm in SES vs 0.7 ± 0.8 mm in PES, P = 0.007). Mean follow-up duration was 849 ± 256 days, and 2-yr cumulative major adverse cardiac events were significantly lower in the SES than in the PES group (5.5% in SES vs 15.4% in PES, P = 0.003). In conclusion, long-term DES use in diffuse long coronary lesions is associated with favorable results, with SES being more effective and safer than PES in this real-world clinical experience

Prevalence of Neuropathic Pain and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Korean Adults with Chronic Low Back Pain Resulting from Neuropathic Low Back Pain

Study DesignA noninterventional, multicenter, cross-sectional study.PurposeWe investigated the prevalence of neuropathic pain (NP) and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) of the quality of life (QoL) and functional disability in Korean adults with chronic low back pain (CLBP).Overview of LiteratureAmong patients with CLBP, 20%–55% had NP.MethodsPatients older than 20 years with CLBP lasting for longer than three months, with a visual analog scale (VAS) pain score higher than four, and with pain medications being used for at least four weeks before enrollment were recruited from 27 general hospitals between December 2014 and May 2015. Medical chart reviews were performed to collect demographic/clinical features and diagnosis of NP (douleur neuropathique 4, DN4). The QoL (EuroQoL 5-dimension, EQ-5D; EQ-VAS) and functional disability (Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale, QBPDS) were determined through patient surveys. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to compare PROs between the NP (DN4≥4) and non-NP (DN4<4) groups.ResultsA total of 1,200 patients (females: 65.7%; mean age: 63.4±13.0 years) were enrolled. The mean scores of EQ-5D, EQ-VAS, and QBPDS were 0.5±0.3, 55.7±19.4, and 40.4±21.1, respectively. Among all patients, 492 (41.0%; 95% confidence interval, 38.2%–43.8%) suffered from NP. The prevalence of NP was higher in male patients (46.8%; p<0.01), in patients who had pain based on radiological and neurological findings (59.0%; p<0.01), and in patients who had severe pain (49.0%; p<0.01). There were significant mean differences in EQ-5D (NP group vs. non-NP group: 0.4±0.3 vs. 0.5±0.3; p<0.01) and QBPDS (NP group vs. non-NP group: 45.8±21.2 vs. 36.3±20.2; p<0.01) scores. In the multiple linear regression, patients with NP showed lower EQ-5D (β=−0.1; p<0.01) and higher QBPDS (β=7.0; p<0.01) scores than those without NP.ConclusionsNP was highly prevalent in Korean patients with CLBP. Patients with CLBP having NP had a lower QoL and more severe dysfunction than those without NP. To enhance the QoL and functional status of patients with CLBP, this study highlights the importance of appropriately diagnosing and treating NP

Operation of agricultural cooperatives for rural development

노트 : This is the most frequently used resource during 20140721-20140727

2011 경제발전경험모듈화사업 : 농촌발전을 위한 농업협동조합 운영

Chapter 1 Introduction: Understanding Korea’s Agricultural Cooperative and Korea 1. Experience and Significance of Korea’s Agricultural Cooperative 2. System of Agricultural Cooperative of Korea 3. History and Culture of Korea 4. Economy and Agriculture Chapter 2 History of the Agricultural Cooperative of Korea 1. Background of ACK (1945~1957) 2. Birth and Basis of Agricultural Cooperatives (1958~1972) 3. Growth and Reorganization of Agricultural Cooperatives (1973~1990) Chapter 3 Support by Government 1. Support of Law and System 2. Support of Business Chapter 4 Business and Outcome of Agricultural Cooperatives 1. Extension Service 2. Economic Businesses 3. Credit Business Chapter 5 Implications of Experience for Developing Countries 1. Operation of Systems 2. Operation of Business 3. Korea-type Agricultural Cooperative Model and Applicability to Developing Countries Reference

Morphological and biochemical changes induced by arsenic trioxide in neuroblastoma cell lines

Arsenic trioxide has recently been shown to inhibit growth and induce apoptosis in a variety of hematologic malignancies, but very little is known about its effects on solid tumors and especially on neuroblastoma cells that have self-differentiating characteristics. To demonstrate the growth inhibition induced in neuroblastoma cells (the SH-SY5Y and SK-N-AS cell line) and acute promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) by arsenic trioxide (As2O3), the viable cell numbers were counted after trypan blue staining. Apoptosis was assessed by the cell morphology, by flow cytometry with annexin-V staining, and by Western blot analysis for the apoptosis-related proteins (bcl-2 and PARP). To decide the dose for the clinical application of As2O3, normal peripheral blood lymphocytes were also examined. The growth and survival of the SH-SY5Y and SK-N-AS cells were markedly inhibited by As2O3 treatment at a 3 microM concentration before the changes of the normal lymphocytes were observed. The apoptotic cells showed a shrunken cell nucleus, and an increase in the number and balloon-like swelling of the mitochondria at 72 h after the As2O3 was added. Apoptosis of the annexin-V-positive cell proportion in the neuroblastoma cell lines was increased with increasing the exposure time and the concentration of As2O3, just like the HL-60 cells. Bcl-2 downregulation and PARP degradation were also noted all the cell lines, but these changes were not statistically significant among the 3 cell lines. Taken together, these results indicate that As2O3 is an excellent candidate as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of neuroblastoma

한국인의 치주질환 환자의 치은연하치면세균막에서 Prevotella intermedia와 Prevotella nigrescens의 검출율 비교

본 연구의 목적은 한국인의 치주질환 환자의 치은연하치면세균막에서 Prevotella intermedia와 Prevotella nigrescens의 검출율을 비교하기 위하여 시행하였다. 34명의 환자로부터 총 133개의 치은연하치면세균막을 멸균된 paper point를 이용하여 채취하였으며, 이때 건강한 치주조직이 4개, 치은염을 보이는 치주부위가 103개, 치주염을 보이는 부위가 26개였다. 16S 라이보솜 RNA의 염기서열을 바탕으로 제작된 종-특이 프라이머를 이용한 중합효소연쇄반응법으로 P. intermedia와 P. nigrescens를 치면세균막으로부터 존재유무를 확인하였다. 실험 결과 P. intermedia는 P. nigrescens보다 탐침시 출혈을 보이는 환자에서 검출율이 더 큰 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 P. intermedia는 치주낭 깊이가 4mm이상의 부위에서 P. nigrescens보다 상대적으로 높게 검출되었다. 이러한 결과는 P. intermedia가 P. nigrescens보다 치주질환의 진행에 더 연관성이 높다는 것을 간접적으로 시사한다.This study was supported by a grant of Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea(03-PJ1-PG1-CH08-0001)

A Flash-Induced Robust Cu Electrode on Glass Substrates and Its Application for Thin-Film mu LEDs

A robust Cu conductor on a glass substrate for thin-film mu LEDs using the flash-induced chemical/physical interlocking between Cu and glass is reported. During millisecond light irradiation, CuO nanoparticles (NPs) on the display substrate are transformed into a conductive Cu film by reduction and sintering. At the same time, intensive heating at the boundary of CuO NPs and glass chemically induces the formation of an ultrathin Cu2O interlayer within the Cu/glass interface for strong adhesion. Cu nanointerlocking occurs by transient glass softening and interface fluctuation to increase the contact area. Owing to these flash-induced interfacial interactions, the flash-activated Cu electrode exhibits an adhesion energy of 10 J m(-2), which is five times higher than that of vacuum-deposited Cu. An AlGaInP thin-film vertical mu LED (VLED) forms an electrical interconnection with the flash-induced Cu electrode via an ACF bonding process, resulting in a high optical power density of 41 mW mm(-2). The Cu conductor enables reliable VLED operation regardless of harsh thermal stress and moisture infiltration under a high-temperature storage test, temperature humidity test, and thermal shock test. 50 x 50 VLED arrays transferred onto the flash-induced robust Cu electrode show high illumination yield and uniform distribution of forward voltage, peak wavelength, and device temperature