Biotech Innovation in Europe's Food and Drink Processing Industry: Promise, Barriers and Exploitation

Early optimism about the potential of biotechnology to contribute to "the production of food with improved quality and nutritional content" (ACOST, 1990) has waned in the face of consumer resistance to the use of genetically modified organisms in food. The European food and drink sector has not abandoned biotechnology, however, but it is being very selective in its use. Some of the current applications of biotechnology were not recognized in early predictions about the application of biotechnology to the food and drink sector.

Identifying creative research accomplishments : methodology and results for nanotechnology and human genetics

Motivated by concerns about the organizational and institutional conditions that foster research creativity in science, we focus on how creative research can be defined, operationalized, and empirically identified. A functional typology of research creativity is proposed encompassing theoretical, methodological and empirical developments in science. We then apply this typology through a process of creative research event identification in the fields of nanotechnology and human genetics in Europe and the United States, combining nominations made by several hundred experts with data on prize winners. Characteristics of creative research in the two respective fields are analyzed, and there is a discussion of broader insights offered by our approach. --

Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) and hybrid ARMA/ANN model to predict global radiation

We propose in this paper an original technique to predict global radiation using a hybrid ARMA/ANN model and data issued from a numerical weather prediction model (ALADIN). We particularly look at the Multi-Layer Perceptron. After optimizing our architecture with ALADIN and endogenous data previously made stationary and using an innovative pre-input layer selection method, we combined it to an ARMA model from a rule based on the analysis of hourly data series. This model has been used to forecast the hourly global radiation for five places in Mediterranean area. Our technique outperforms classical models for all the places. The nRMSE for our hybrid model ANN/ARMA is 14.9% compared to 26.2% for the na\"ive persistence predictor. Note that in the stand alone ANN case the nRMSE is 18.4%. Finally, in order to discuss the reliability of the forecaster outputs, a complementary study concerning the confidence interval of each prediction is proposedComment: Energy (2012)

National systems of innovation, organizational learning and industrial biotechnology.

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Biotechnology alliances in the European pharmaceutical industry: past, present and future

This paper reviews how research collaborations between dedicated biotechnology firms and multinational pharmaceutical companies have changed over the past 25 years. A discussion of the impact that developments in biotechnology have had on the process of pharmaceutical R&D will set the context for reviewing the various theoretical approaches used to analyse and understand these alliances, identifying changes in the nature of alliances over time and indicating the future in store for dedicated biotechnology firms

L'accès des PME à la recherche fondamentale

Les projets de nombreux gouvernements pour promouvoir l’innovation industrielle à rintérieur des PME ont pour objectif d’encourager les relations de ces dernières avec la recherche fondamentale. Le manque de chercheurs et d’ingénieurs qualifiés constitue un des freins majeurs aux relations des PME avec la recherche fondamentale. Par contre, des études de cas sectorielles montrent que la plupart des PME souhaitant utiliser cette ressource peuvent habituellement le faire. Les cas étudiés montrent aussi que les besoins de PME en recherche fondamentale et le type de connaissances requises sont variés. Les politiques soutenant les relations des PME avec la recherche du secteur public devraient tenir compte de ces constats. En effet, il se peut que le choix réussi de certains plans spécifiques soit en relation avec des exemples de projets qui coïncident fortuitement avec les besoins d’un secteur donné. L’absence, dans des domaines particuliers, de la recherche scientifique publique est un autre frein significatif aux relations universités- entreprises.Many government schemes to promote industrial innovation in small and me- dium-sized firms (SMEs) are directed at encouraging their links with the science base. Case studies show that a major barrier to such linkage is low employment of qualified scientists and engineers in SMEs. They also show that SMEs vary in their need to access the science base, and in the type of knowledge required. Policies devised to support SMEs links with public sector research should take these variations into account.Muchos esquemas gubernamentales de apoyo a la innovación industrial en pequeñas y medianas empresas (PyMEs) se dirigen a promover su engranaje con la base científica del pais. Estudios de caso muestran que tal fin se ve dificultado por el bajo emplio de científicos y ingenieros cualificados en las PyMEs. También muestran las diferencias que existen entre las mismas PyMEs por lo que se refiere a las necesidades de acceso a la base científica y al tipo de conocimientos requeridos. Las políticas de apoyo al estrechamiento de los lazos entre PyMEs e investigación en el sector publico deben tomar en cuenta tales diferencias

Biotechnology and competitive advantage: Europe's firms and the US challenge

An investigation of the development of biotechnology in Europe and the United States. It examines why Europe has fallen behind in applying biotechnology, when its scientific capabilities are largely comparable to those in the US. The book also looks at the theory of the growth of new technology

An overview of biotechnology innovation in Europe: firms, demand, government policy and research

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