Interpretation of appearance: the effect of facial features on first impressions and personality.

Appearance is known to influence social interactions, which in turn could potentially influence personality development. In this study we focus on discovering the relationship between self-reported personality traits, first impressions and facial characteristics. The results reveal that several personality traits can be read above chance from a face, and that facial features influence first impressions. Despite the former, our prediction model fails to reliably infer personality traits from either facial features or first impressions. First impressions, however, could be inferred more reliably from facial features. We have generated artificial, extreme faces visualising the characteristics having an effect on first impressions for several traits. Conclusively, we find a relationship between first impressions, some personality traits and facial features and consolidate that people on average assess a given face in a highly similar manner

The chemical interactome space between the human host and the genetically defined gut metabotypes

The bacteria that colonize the gastrointestinal tracts of mammals represent a highly selected microbiome that has a profound influence on human physiology by shaping the host's metabolic and immune system activity. Despite the recent advances on the biological principles that underlie microbial symbiosis in the gut of mammals, mechanistic understanding of the contributions of the gut microbiome and how variations in the metabotypes are linked to the host health are obscure. Here, we mapped the entire metabolic potential of the gut microbiome based solely on metagenomics sequencing data derived from fecal samples of 124 Europeans (healthy, obese and with inflammatory bowel disease). Interestingly, three distinct clusters of individuals with high, medium and low metabolic potential were observed. By illustrating these results in the context of bacterial population, we concluded that the abundance of the Prevotella genera is a key factor indicating a low metabolic potential. These metagenome-based metabolic signatures were used to study the interaction networks between bacteria-specific metabolites and human proteins. We found that thirty-three such metabolites interact with disease-relevant protein complexes several of which are highly expressed in cells and tissues involved in the signaling and shaping of the adaptive immune system and associated with squamous cell carcinoma and bladder cancer. From this set of metabolites, eighteen are present in DrugBank providing evidence that we carry a natural pharmacy in our guts. Furthermore, we established connections between the systemic effects of non-antibiotic drugs and the gut microbiome of relevance to drug side effects and health-care solutions.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Author Correction:Discovery of drug-omics associations in type 2 diabetes with generative deep-learning models

In the version of this article initially published, Cristina Leal Rodríguez (Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark) was omitted from the author list. The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article</p

Network graph of all significant correlations between <i>Ratings</i>.

<p>The network depicts the relationship between the individual <i>Ratings</i> as the correlation coefficient, r, between scores. A dashed line depicts negative and a solid line positive correlations and the thickness of the line indicates the strength of the relationship with r as the edge label. Relationships significant for both genders are black, for men blue and for women magenta. Three clusters can be seen in the network with <i>Trustworthy, Responsible, Friendly</i> and <i>Intelligent</i> in the first, <i>Extraverted</i>, <i>Adventurous, Emotionally Stable, Attractive</i> and <i>Physically Healthy</i> in the second and <i>Temperamental, Dominating and Masculine</i> in the third. We named the clusters trustworthiness-friendliness, attractiveness-health-extraversion and dominance-masculinity.</p

Prediction of <i>Ratings</i> from facial features.

<p>The plot shows the average correlation coefficient and standard deviation between observed and predicted scores for each <i>Rating</i> and each gender. A linear regression model was built in a 20-fold cross-validation with a varying number of the most correlated facial components as predictors, chosen based on the training set. Standard deviations are gathered by running the calculations thirty times with different folds for each run. The Ratings are in the plot ordered based on performance for the male faces. The size of the points indicates the Cronbach's α for that trait and it is seen that larger α-values correlate positively with prediction performance. Abbreviations for the <i>Ratings</i> are: Trustw.  =  Trustworthy, Adv.  =  Adventurous, Temp.  =  Temperamental, Healthy  =  Physically Healthy, Ext.  =  Extraverted, Dom.  =  Dominating, Att.  =  Attractive, Masc.  =  Masculine, Em. Stab.  =  Emotionally Stable, Resp.  =  Responsible and Int.  =  Intelligent.</p

Correlations between <i>Ratings</i> and self-reported personality traits visualised by heat maps.

<p>Heat map A shows the correlations for women and heat map B the correlations for men. The personality traits are on the x-axis and the <i>Ratings</i> on the y-axis and a positive correlation is indicated with purple and a negative with green, where darker colours stand for bigger effect sizes. Only significant correlations with <i>abs(r)</i> ≥.20 and <i>p</i><.01 are shown. Calculating the average of the correlations between personality traits and <i>Ratings</i> given by individual judges resulted in a drop in effect size; therefore the correlations in these heat maps should not be seen as significant on the individual level. Abbreviations for the <i>Ratings</i> are: Trustw.  =  Trustworthy, Adv.  =  Adventurous, Temp.  =  Temperamental, Healthy  =  Physically Healthy, Ext.  =  Extraverted, Dom.  =  Dominating, Att.  =  Attractive, Masc.  =  Masculine, Em. Stab.  =  Emotionally Stable, Resp.  =  Responsible and Int.  =  Intelligent.</p