32,239 research outputs found
Reply to the comment by Jacobs and Thorpe
Reply to a comment on "Infinite-Cluster geometry in central-force networks",
PRL 78 (1997), 1480. A discussion about the order of the rigidity percolation
transition.Comment: 1 page revTe
Work function determination of promising material for thermionic converters
The work done to fabricate Marchuk plasma discharge tubes for measurement of the cesiated emission of lanthanum hexaboride and thoriated tungsten electrodes is described. A photon counting pyrometer was completed and is to be calibrated with a gold standard
Remote sensing observatory validation of surface soil moisture using Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer E, Common Land Model, and ground based data: Case study in SMEX03 Little River Region, Georgia, U.S.
Optimal soil moisture estimation may be characterized by intercomparisons among remotely sensed measurements, groundâbased measurements, and land surface models. In this study, we compared soil moisture from Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer E (AMSRâE), groundâbased measurements, and a SoilâVegetationâAtmosphere Transfer (SVAT) model for the Soil Moisture Experiments in 2003 (SMEX03) Little River region, Georgia. The Common Land Model (CLM) reasonably replicated soil moisture patterns in dry down and wetting after rainfall though it had modest wet biases (0.001â0.054 m3/m3) as compared to AMSRâE and ground data. While the AMSRâE average soil moisture agreed well with the other data sources, it had extremely low temporal variability, especially during the growing season from May to October. The comparison results showed that highest mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean squared error (RMSE) were 0.054 and 0.059 m3/m3 for short and long periods, respectively. Even if CLM and AMSRâE had complementary strengths, low MAE (0.018â0.054 m3/m3) and RMSE (0.023â0.059 m3/m3) soil moisture errors for CLM and soil moisture low biases (0.003â0.031 m3/m3) for AMSRâE, care should be taken prior to employing AMSRâE retrieved soil moisture products directly for hydrological application due to its failure to replicate temporal variability. AMSRâE error characteristics identified in this study should be used to guide enhancement of retrieval algorithms and improve satellite observations for hydrological sciences
The EET Horizontal Tails Investigation and the EET Lateral Controls Investigation
In the energy efficient transport (EET) Horizontal Tails Investigation, aerodynamic data were measured for five different horizontal tails on a full span model with a wide body fuselage. Three of the horizontal tails were low tail configurations and two were T tail configurations. All tails were tested in conjunction with two wings, a current wide body wing and a high aspect ratio supercritical wing. Local downwash angles and dynamic pressures in the vicinity of the tails were measured using a yaw head rake. The results provide a comparison of the aerodynamic characteristics of the two wing configurations at trimmed conditions for Mach numbers between 0.60 and 0.90. In the EET Lateral Controls Investigation, the control effectiveness of a conventional set of lateral controls was measured over a Mach number range from 0.60 to 0.90 on a high aspect ratio supercritical wing semispan model. The conventional controls included a high speed aileron, a low speed aileron, and six spoiler segments. The wing was designed so that the last 25% of the chord is removable to facilitate testing of various control systems. The current status and an indication of the data obtained in these investigations are presented
Toward the next generation of research into small area effects on health : a synthesis of multilevel investigations published since July 1998.
To map out area effects on health research, this study had the following aims: (1) to inventory multilevel investigations of area effects on self rated health, cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, and mortality among adults; (2) to describe and critically discuss methodological approaches employed and results observed; and (3) to formulate selected recommendations for advancing the study of area effects on health. Overall, 86 studies were inventoried. Although several innovative methodological approaches and analytical designs were found, small areas are most often operationalised using administrative and statistical spatial units. Most studies used indicators of area socioeconomic status derived from censuses, and few provided information on the validity and reliability of measures of exposures. A consistent finding was that a significant portion of the variation in health is associated with area context independently of individual characteristics. Area effects on health, although significant in most studies, often depend on the health outcome studied, the measure of area exposure used, and the spatial scale at which associations are examined
Nucleated dewetting in supported ultra-thin liquid films with hydrodynamic slip
This study reveals the influence of the surface energy and solid/liquid
boundary condition on the breakup mechanism of dewetting ultra-thin polymer
films. Using silane self-assembled monolayers, SiO substrates are rendered
hydrophobic and provide a strong slip rather than a no-slip solid/liquid
boundary condition. On undergoing these changes, the thin-film breakup
morphology changes dramatically -- from a spinodal mechanism to a breakup which
is governed by nucleation and growth. The experiments reveal a dependence of
the hole density on film thickness and temperature. The combination of lowered
surface energy and hydrodynamic slip brings the studied system closer to the
conditions encountered in bursting unsupported films. As for unsupported
polymer films, a critical nucleus size is inferred from a free energy model.
This critical nucleus size is supported by the film breakup observed in the
experiments using high speed \emph{in situ} atomic force microscopy.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures, including supplementary materia
SfSNet: Learning Shape, Reflectance and Illuminance of Faces in the Wild
We present SfSNet, an end-to-end learning framework for producing an accurate
decomposition of an unconstrained human face image into shape, reflectance and
illuminance. SfSNet is designed to reflect a physical lambertian rendering
model. SfSNet learns from a mixture of labeled synthetic and unlabeled real
world images. This allows the network to capture low frequency variations from
synthetic and high frequency details from real images through the photometric
reconstruction loss. SfSNet consists of a new decomposition architecture with
residual blocks that learns a complete separation of albedo and normal. This is
used along with the original image to predict lighting. SfSNet produces
significantly better quantitative and qualitative results than state-of-the-art
methods for inverse rendering and independent normal and illumination
estimation.Comment: Accepted to CVPR 2018 (Spotlight
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