17 research outputs found
Association of genetic dependences between lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
WST臉P: Dotychczasowe wyniki bada艅 wskazuj膮 na zwi臋kszone ryzyko zachorowania na raka p艂uca u os贸b ze zmianami obturacyjnymi oskrzeli, w tym u chorych na przewlek艂膮 obturacyjn膮 chorob臋 p艂uc (POChP). Wydaje si臋, 偶e istniej膮 wsp贸lneczynniki patogenetyczne obu chor贸b zwi膮zanych ze zjawiskiem stresu oksydacyjnego. Przedmiotem oceny sta艂y si臋 geny zwi膮zane z procesami naprawy oksydacyjnych uszkodze艅 DNA, geny zwi膮zane z nowotworami, z metabolizmem 偶elaza i geny enzym贸w proteolitycznych.MATERIA艁 I METODY: Badanie przeprowadzono w dw贸ch grupach pacjent贸w licz膮cych 艂膮cznie 107 os贸b: 53 chorych na raka niedrobnokom贸rkowego p艂uca i POChP oraz 54 chorych tylko na POChP. W przypadku wi臋kszo艣ci gen贸w oznaczono polimorfizm pojedynczego nukleotydu metod膮 analizy d艂ugo艣ci fragment贸w restrykcyjnych (RFLP). Analizy statystycznej zmiennych ilo艣ciowych dokonano testem U Manna-Whitneya i testem median, analiza zmiennych genetycznych zosta艂a dokonana testem Chi-kwadrat.WYNIKI: W przypadku polimorfizmu gen贸w zwi膮zanych z metabolizmem 偶elaza istotne statystycznie r贸偶nice pomi臋dzy badanymi grupami wykazano jedynie w przypadku genu haptoglobiny Hp1/2. Stwierdzono cz臋stsze wyst臋powanie formy 1/1 w grupie chorych na POChP i cz臋stsze wyst臋powanie formy 1/2 w grupie chorych na raka p艂uca i POChP. Analiza polimorfizmu gen贸w enzym贸w proteolitycznych i genu inhibitora tych enzym贸w wykaza艂a istotne statystycznie r贸偶nice pomi臋dzy badanymi grupami jedynie w przypadku genu metaloproteinazy MMP3 6A/5A. W przypadku polimorfizmu genu metaloproteinazy MMP12 (A-82G) r贸偶nice w wyst臋powaniu poszczeg贸lnych alleli okre艣lono na poziomie tendencji.WNIOSKI: Wyniki te wskazuj膮, 偶e u chorych z koincydencj膮 POChP i raka p艂uca wyst臋powa艂y r贸偶nice w stosunku do grupy chorych na POChP dotycz膮ce gen贸w zwi膮zanych z metabolizmem 偶elaza oraz gen贸w enzym贸w proteolitycznych.INTRODUCTION: Recent studies have shown an increased risk of lung cancer in patients with bronchial obstructive changes, including patients with COPD. It seems that there are common factors of pathogenesis of both diseases associated with oxidative stress. In the present paper the genes linked to the repair of oxidative damage of DNA, associated with cancer, of iron metabolism and coding proteolytic enzymes were assessed.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was conducted in two groups of patients: 53 patients with non-small cell lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and 54 patients only with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The polymorphisms of the single nucleotide were determined in the case of the majority of genes using the PCR-RFLP method. The statistical analysis of quantitative variables was executed using the Mann-Withney U-test and the test of medians; the analysis of genetic variables was executed using the chi虏 test.RESULTS: Regarding the polymorphisms of genes involved in iron metabolism, statistically significant differences between the two groups have been demonstrated only in the case of haptoglobin gene HP1/2. A higher incidence of form 1/1 was found in patients with COPD and a higher incidence of form 1/2 in patients with lung cancer and COPD. Analysis of gene polymorphisms of proteolytic enzymes and inhibitors of the enzyme gene showed statistically significant differences between the two groups only for the MMP3 gene 6A/5A. In the case of the MMP12 gene polymorphism (A-82G) a tendency toward differences in the occurrence of specific alleles was identified.CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that patients with coincidence of COPD and lung cancer have disorders of the genes involved in iron metabolism, and they have different genetic polymorphisms of proteolytic enzymes comparing to COPD patients
Matrix metalloproteinase 3 polymorphisms as a potential marker of enhanced susceptibility to lung cancer in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease subjects
[b]Introduction and objective[/b]. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is often accompanied by lung cancer. Among the genes that may play a role in the occurrence of COPD and lung cancer are those encoding the proteolytic enzymes, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors. The objective of this study was to find MMPs-associated markers useful in the identification of COPD subjects with increased susceptibility to developing lung cancer.
[b]Materials and methods[/b]. We compared the frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes coding for matrix proteinases ([i]MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP9, MMP12[/i]) as well as tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases ([i]TIMP1[/i]) in two groups of subjects: COPD patients (54 subjects) and COPD patients diagnosed for lung cancer occurrence (53 subjects).The levels of the respective proteins in blood serum were also analyzed.
[b]Results[/b]. The frequencies of 2 genotypes, [i]MMP3[/i] rs3025058 and MMP3 rs678815, were significantly different between the studied groups. In both cases, more heterozygotes and less homozygotes (both types) were observed in the COPD group than in the COPD + cancer group. A significantly higher TIMP1 level in blood serum was observed in the COPD + cancer group than in the COPD group. There were no statistically significant differences in[i] MMPs[/i] blood levels between the studied groups. In addition, no genotype-associated differences in [i]TIMP1[/i] or[i] MMPs[/i] blood levels were observed.
[b]Conclusions[/b]. Homozygocity for [i]MMP3[/i] rs3025058 and rs678815 polymorphisms is a potential marker of enhanced susceptibility to lung cancer development among COPD subjects
Effect of Membrane Components of Transverse Forces on Magnitudes of Total Transverse Forces in the Nonlinear Stability of Plate Structures
For an isotropic square plate subject to unidirectional compression in the postbuckling state, components of transverse forces in bending, membrane transverse components and total components of transverse forces were determined within the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT), the simple first-order shear deformation theory (S-FSDT), the classical plate theory (CPT) and the finite element method (FEM). Special attention was drawn to membrane components of transverse forces, which are expressed with the same formulas for the first three theories and do not depend on membrane deformations. These components are nonlinearly dependent on the plate deflection. The magnitudes of components of transverse forces for the four theories under consideration were compared
Membrane versus bending components of transverse forces in cylindrical panels in the CST and the FSDT
A nonlinear problem of deflection of isotropic cylindrical panels fixed along all edges and subject to transverse load was considered within the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) and the classical shell theory (CST). An effect of the parameter of curvature on bending and membrane components and resultants of transverse forces was analyzed. Par- ticular attention was drawn to the fact that the bending components were accompanied by transverse deformations, whereas for the membrane components, the panel was transversely perfectly rigid. Resultants of transverse forces can be significantly larger than the bending components. In failure criteria of laminated structures, only the bending transverse forces are employed
Stability of thin-walled square tubes with intermediate stiffeners under torsion
The present paper deals with the buckling of thin-walled square tubes with intermediate
stiffeners under torsion when the shear lag phenomenon and distortional deformations are
taken into account. A plate model (2D) was adopted for the tube. The tubes were assumed to
be simply supported at their ends. The values of critical loads of the tubes were determined
with three methods, namely: analytical-numerical method (ANM), finite difference method
(FDM) and finite element method (FEM)
Selection of the Technological Ceramic Layer Thickness in an HPDC Machine Plunger in the Aspect of its Strength
A way of selecting the ceramic coating thickness concerning the axially symmetrical thermal stresses in a casting
machine plunger with a horizontal shot sleeve was discussed. Application of a technological ceramic outer layer
in the plunger enhances its tribological properties. The condition that stresses in tension in the outer ceramic layer
are lower than the tensile strength was proposed as a selection criterion
Mechanical and Thermal Stresses in an HPDC Machine Plunger During the Dosing and Filling Process
Distributions of mechanical and thermal stresses in a plunger of the high pressure die casting machine with a horizontal shot sleeve have been considered for a flat thermal stationary problem. An axial pressure of the plunger pressing in the technological process has been accounted for as well. Principal and equivalent stresses have been determined within two different hypotheses on the strength of materials, including one theory covering various allowable stresses in tension and compression. Four plunger material variants have been analysed
Analysis of Mechanical and Thermal Stresses in a Pressure Casting Machine Plunger
The study discusses the thermo鈥憁echanical stress distribution in the plunger of a cold chamber casting machine with a horizontal casting chamber in the stationary aspect. The main stresses as well as the reduced stresses were determined for four different strength hypotheses, two of which took into account different acceptable maximal tensile and compressive stresses. For comparative purposes, the calculations were performed for three different construction materials used for cold chamber pressure machine plungers: grey pearlitic cast iron, high silicon bronze and beryllium bronze, as well as one more type of bronze, which has not been used for plungers so far, i.e. aluminium鈥慽ron鈥憂ickel bronze, constituting the initial alloy for the newly鈥慸eveloped complex bronzes with high wear resistance and elevated strength
Wp艂yw zwi臋kszania suchej masy w surowcu na tekstur臋 i mikrostruktur臋 twarogu kwasowego
Celem bada艅 by艂a ocena wp艂ywu zwi臋kszenia zawarto艣ci suchej masy w surowcu na
tekstur臋 i mikrostruktur臋 twarogu kwasowego. Surowcem do produkcji twarogu by艂o mleko pasteryzowane
o zawarto艣ci 2% t艂uszczu, zag臋szczane metod膮 wyparn膮 lub ultrafiltracji (UF) do ok. 25% suchej masy.
Twar贸g kontrolny produkowano z mleka niezag臋szczonego. Produkcj臋 twarogu realizowano, stosuj膮c kultur臋
do艣wiadczaln膮 IBBB3. W twarogach oznaczono zawarto艣膰 suchej masy, bia艂ka og贸艂em, laktozy, t艂uszczu
oraz popio艂u. W badaniach tekstury dokonano pomiar贸w twardo艣ci i adhezyjno艣ci twarog贸w. Mikrostruktur臋
odwodnionych liofilizacyjnie twarog贸w badano przy u偶yciu mikroskopu elektronowego skaningowego.
Mi臋dzy twarogami z mleka niezag臋szczonego, zag臋szczonego wyparnie oraz koncentratu UF wyst臋powa艂y
istotne r贸偶nice w podstawowym sk艂adzie chemicznym. Twarogi z mleka niezag臋szczonego oraz koncentratu
UF charakteryzowa艂y si臋 por贸wnywalnym udzia艂em bia艂ka, t艂uszczu oraz laktozy w sk艂adzie suchej masy,
natomiast twar贸g z mleka zag臋szczonego wyparnie wykazywa艂 znacznie mniejszy udzia艂 bia艂ka i t艂uszczu
oraz ponad 3-krotnie wi臋kszy laktozy w suchej masie w por贸wnaniu do twarogu z mleka niezag臋szczonego
i koncentratu UF. Twarogi uzyskane z surowca o zwi臋kszonej zawarto艣ci suchej masy zawiera艂y ok. 1,7-2,0-
krotnie wi臋cej popio艂u w por贸wnaniu do produktu z mleka niezag臋szczonego. Twarogi z mleka zag臋szczonego
wyparnie i koncentratu UF wykazywa艂y istotnie mniejsz膮 twardo艣膰 i adhezyjno艣膰 w por贸wnaniu do
twarog贸w z mleka niezag臋szczonego. Twardo艣膰 i adhezyjno艣膰 twarog贸w zwi臋ksza艂a si臋 ze wzrostem zawarto艣ci
bia艂ka w ich sk艂adzie. Twarogi z mleka niezag臋szczonego wykazywa艂y porowat膮 mikrostruktur臋
o stosunkowo du偶ych porach, natomiast mikrostruktura twarog贸w uzyskanych z mleka zag臋szczonego
wyparnie oraz koncentratu UF by艂a bardziej zwarta.
S艂owa kluczowe : mikrostruktura, tekstura, twar贸g kwasowy, ultrafiltracja (UF), zag臋szczanie
wyparn