Association of genetic dependences between lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

WSTĘP: Dotychczasowe wyniki badań wskazują na zwiększone ryzyko zachorowania na raka płuca u osób ze zmianami obturacyjnymi oskrzeli, w tym u chorych na przewlekłą obturacyjną chorobę płuc (POChP). Wydaje się, że istnieją wspólneczynniki patogenetyczne obu chorób związanych ze zjawiskiem stresu oksydacyjnego. Przedmiotem oceny stały się geny związane z procesami naprawy oksydacyjnych uszkodzeń DNA, geny związane z nowotworami, z metabolizmem żelaza i geny enzymów proteolitycznych.MATERIAŁ I METODY: Badanie przeprowadzono w dwóch grupach pacjentów liczących łącznie 107 osób: 53 chorych na raka niedrobnokomórkowego płuca i POChP oraz 54 chorych tylko na POChP. W przypadku większości genów oznaczono polimorfizm pojedynczego nukleotydu metodą analizy długości fragmentów restrykcyjnych (RFLP). Analizy statystycznej zmiennych ilościowych dokonano testem U Manna-Whitneya i testem median, analiza zmiennych genetycznych została dokonana testem Chi-kwadrat.WYNIKI: W przypadku polimorfizmu genów związanych z metabolizmem żelaza istotne statystycznie różnice pomiędzy badanymi grupami wykazano jedynie w przypadku genu haptoglobiny Hp1/2. Stwierdzono częstsze występowanie formy 1/1 w grupie chorych na POChP i częstsze występowanie formy 1/2 w grupie chorych na raka płuca i POChP. Analiza polimorfizmu genów enzymów proteolitycznych i genu inhibitora tych enzymów wykazała istotne statystycznie różnice pomiędzy badanymi grupami jedynie w przypadku genu metaloproteinazy MMP3 6A/5A. W przypadku polimorfizmu genu metaloproteinazy MMP12 (A-82G) różnice w występowaniu poszczególnych alleli określono na poziomie tendencji.WNIOSKI: Wyniki te wskazują, że u chorych z koincydencją POChP i raka płuca występowały różnice w stosunku do grupy chorych na POChP dotyczące genów związanych z metabolizmem żelaza oraz genów enzymów proteolitycznych.INTRODUCTION: Recent studies have shown an increased risk of lung cancer in patients with bronchial obstructive changes, including patients with COPD. It seems that there are common factors of pathogenesis of both diseases associated with oxidative stress. In the present paper the genes linked to the repair of oxidative damage of DNA, associated with cancer, of iron metabolism and coding proteolytic enzymes were assessed.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was conducted in two groups of patients: 53 patients with non-small cell lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and 54 patients only with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The polymorphisms of the single nucleotide were determined in the case of the majority of genes using the PCR-RFLP method. The statistical analysis of quantitative variables was executed using the Mann-Withney U-test and the test of medians; the analysis of genetic variables was executed using the chi² test.RESULTS: Regarding the polymorphisms of genes involved in iron metabolism, statistically significant differences between the two groups have been demonstrated only in the case of haptoglobin gene HP1/2. A higher incidence of form 1/1 was found in patients with COPD and a higher incidence of form 1/2 in patients with lung cancer and COPD. Analysis of gene polymorphisms of proteolytic enzymes and inhibitors of the enzyme gene showed statistically significant differences between the two groups only for the MMP3 gene 6A/5A. In the case of the MMP12 gene polymorphism (A-82G) a tendency toward differences in the occurrence of specific alleles was identified.CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that patients with coincidence of COPD and lung cancer have disorders of the genes involved in iron metabolism, and they have different genetic polymorphisms of proteolytic enzymes comparing to COPD patients

Matrix metalloproteinase 3 polymorphisms as a potential marker of enhanced susceptibility to lung cancer in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease subjects

[b]Introduction and objective[/b]. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is often accompanied by lung cancer. Among the genes that may play a role in the occurrence of COPD and lung cancer are those encoding the proteolytic enzymes, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors. The objective of this study was to find MMPs-associated markers useful in the identification of COPD subjects with increased susceptibility to developing lung cancer. [b]Materials and methods[/b]. We compared the frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes coding for matrix proteinases ([i]MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP9, MMP12[/i]) as well as tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases ([i]TIMP1[/i]) in two groups of subjects: COPD patients (54 subjects) and COPD patients diagnosed for lung cancer occurrence (53 subjects).The levels of the respective proteins in blood serum were also analyzed. [b]Results[/b]. The frequencies of 2 genotypes, [i]MMP3[/i] rs3025058 and MMP3 rs678815, were significantly different between the studied groups. In both cases, more heterozygotes and less homozygotes (both types) were observed in the COPD group than in the COPD + cancer group. A significantly higher TIMP1 level in blood serum was observed in the COPD + cancer group than in the COPD group. There were no statistically significant differences in[i] MMPs[/i] blood levels between the studied groups. In addition, no genotype-associated differences in [i]TIMP1[/i] or[i] MMPs[/i] blood levels were observed. [b]Conclusions[/b]. Homozygocity for [i]MMP3[/i] rs3025058 and rs678815 polymorphisms is a potential marker of enhanced susceptibility to lung cancer development among COPD subjects

Effect of Membrane Components of Transverse Forces on Magnitudes of Total Transverse Forces in the Nonlinear Stability of Plate Structures

For an isotropic square plate subject to unidirectional compression in the postbuckling state, components of transverse forces in bending, membrane transverse components and total components of transverse forces were determined within the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT), the simple first-order shear deformation theory (S-FSDT), the classical plate theory (CPT) and the finite element method (FEM). Special attention was drawn to membrane components of transverse forces, which are expressed with the same formulas for the first three theories and do not depend on membrane deformations. These components are nonlinearly dependent on the plate deflection. The magnitudes of components of transverse forces for the four theories under consideration were compared

Membrane versus bending components of transverse forces in cylindrical panels in the CST and the FSDT

A nonlinear problem of deflection of isotropic cylindrical panels fixed along all edges and subject to transverse load was considered within the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) and the classical shell theory (CST). An effect of the parameter of curvature on bending and membrane components and resultants of transverse forces was analyzed. Par- ticular attention was drawn to the fact that the bending components were accompanied by transverse deformations, whereas for the membrane components, the panel was transversely perfectly rigid. Resultants of transverse forces can be significantly larger than the bending components. In failure criteria of laminated structures, only the bending transverse forces are employed

Stability of thin-walled square tubes with intermediate stiffeners under torsion

The present paper deals with the buckling of thin-walled square tubes with intermediate stiffeners under torsion when the shear lag phenomenon and distortional deformations are taken into account. A plate model (2D) was adopted for the tube. The tubes were assumed to be simply supported at their ends. The values of critical loads of the tubes were determined with three methods, namely: analytical-numerical method (ANM), finite difference method (FDM) and finite element method (FEM)

Selection of the Technological Ceramic Layer Thickness in an HPDC Machine Plunger in the Aspect of its Strength

A way of selecting the ceramic coating thickness concerning the axially symmetrical thermal stresses in a casting machine plunger with a horizontal shot sleeve was discussed. Application of a technological ceramic outer layer in the plunger enhances its tribological properties. The condition that stresses in tension in the outer ceramic layer are lower than the tensile strength was proposed as a selection criterion

Mechanical and Thermal Stresses in an HPDC Machine Plunger During the Dosing and Filling Process

Distributions of mechanical and thermal stresses in a plunger of the high pressure die casting machine with a horizontal shot sleeve have been considered for a flat thermal stationary problem. An axial pressure of the plunger pressing in the technological process has been accounted for as well. Principal and equivalent stresses have been determined within two different hypotheses on the strength of materials, including one theory covering various allowable stresses in tension and compression. Four plunger material variants have been analysed

Analysis of Mechanical and Thermal Stresses in a Pressure Casting Machine Plunger

The study discusses the thermo‑mechanical stress distribution in the plunger of a cold chamber casting machine with a horizontal casting chamber in the stationary aspect. The main stresses as well as the reduced stresses were determined for four different strength hypotheses, two of which took into account different acceptable maximal tensile and compressive stresses. For comparative purposes, the calculations were performed for three different construction materials used for cold chamber pressure machine plungers: grey pearlitic cast iron, high silicon bronze and beryllium bronze, as well as one more type of bronze, which has not been used for plungers so far, i.e. aluminium‑iron‑nickel bronze, constituting the initial alloy for the newly‑developed complex bronzes with high wear resistance and elevated strength

Wpływ zwiększania suchej masy w surowcu na teksturę i mikrostrukturę twarogu kwasowego

Celem badań była ocena wpływu zwiększenia zawartości suchej masy w surowcu na teksturę i mikrostrukturę twarogu kwasowego. Surowcem do produkcji twarogu było mleko pasteryzowane o zawartości 2% tłuszczu, zagęszczane metodą wyparną lub ultrafiltracji (UF) do ok. 25% suchej masy. Twaróg kontrolny produkowano z mleka niezagęszczonego. Produkcję twarogu realizowano, stosując kulturę doświadczalną IBBB3. W twarogach oznaczono zawartość suchej masy, białka ogółem, laktozy, tłuszczu oraz popiołu. W badaniach tekstury dokonano pomiarów twardości i adhezyjności twarogów. Mikrostrukturę odwodnionych liofilizacyjnie twarogów badano przy użyciu mikroskopu elektronowego skaningowego. Między twarogami z mleka niezagęszczonego, zagęszczonego wyparnie oraz koncentratu UF występowały istotne różnice w podstawowym składzie chemicznym. Twarogi z mleka niezagęszczonego oraz koncentratu UF charakteryzowały się porównywalnym udziałem białka, tłuszczu oraz laktozy w składzie suchej masy, natomiast twaróg z mleka zagęszczonego wyparnie wykazywał znacznie mniejszy udział białka i tłuszczu oraz ponad 3-krotnie większy laktozy w suchej masie w porównaniu do twarogu z mleka niezagęszczonego i koncentratu UF. Twarogi uzyskane z surowca o zwiększonej zawartości suchej masy zawierały ok. 1,7-2,0- krotnie więcej popiołu w porównaniu do produktu z mleka niezagęszczonego. Twarogi z mleka zagęszczonego wyparnie i koncentratu UF wykazywały istotnie mniejszą twardość i adhezyjność w porównaniu do twarogów z mleka niezagęszczonego. Twardość i adhezyjność twarogów zwiększała się ze wzrostem zawartości białka w ich składzie. Twarogi z mleka niezagęszczonego wykazywały porowatą mikrostrukturę o stosunkowo dużych porach, natomiast mikrostruktura twarogów uzyskanych z mleka zagęszczonego wyparnie oraz koncentratu UF była bardziej zwarta. Słowa kluczowe : mikrostruktura, tekstura, twaróg kwasowy, ultrafiltracja (UF), zagęszczanie wyparn