Ciągła analgezja zewnątrzoponowa w bólu niedokrwiennym kończyn dolnych

W niniejszej pracy opisano przypadek 65-letniego chorego z bólem niedokrwiennym kończyn dolnych w przebiegu tętniaka brzusznego odcinka aorty, zakwalifikowanego do wszczepienia rozwidlonej protezy aortalno-udowej. Chory 4 miesiące wcześniej przebył zawał serca powikłany wstrząsem kardiogennym i zatrzymaniem krążenia. U pacjenta zastosowano okołooperacyjną analgezję zewnątrzoponową z użyciem bupiwakainy z morfiną

Usefulness of Changes in the Food Safety System – on the Basis of the Audits of NIK, EC and Own Studies

Polski system nadzoru nad bezpieczeństwem żywności jest wieloinstytucjonalny. Powołanie Państwowej Inspekcji Bezpieczeństwa Żywności, dzięki konsolidacji Inspekcji Weterynaryjnej, Państwowej Inspekcji Ochrony Roślin i Nasiennictwa, Inspekcji Jakości Handlowej Artykułów Rolno-Spożywczych oraz przeniesienie do nowego podmiotu części zadań z Państwowej Inspekcji Sanitarnej, Inspekcji Handlowej, a w zakresie dotyczącym kontroli stosowania i składowania nawozów także zadań Inspekcji Ochrony Środowiska, posłużyłoby ujednoliceniu procesów kontrolnych i monitorujących, ograniczyło niejasności kompetencyjne i decyzyjne oraz poprawiło bezpieczeństwo żywności w Polsce. Biorąc pod uwagę wyniki kontroli przeprowadzonych przez Najwyższą Izbę Kontroli oraz audytów Dyrekcji Generalnej ds. Zdrowia i Bezpieczeństwa Żywności Komisji Europejskiej, jak również obserwacje własne, przedstawiono celowość zmian istniejącego systemu kontroli bezpieczeństwa żywności w Polsce.The Polish system for food safety supervision comprises numerous institutions. The establishment of the State Food Safety Inspectorate (Polish: Państwowa Inspekcja Bezpieczeństwa Żywności), thanks to consolidation of the Veterinary Inspectorate, the State Inspectorate of Protection of Plants and Seeds, the Inspectorate for Trade Quality of Food Produce, as well as to the transfer of several responsibilities of the State Sanitary Inspectorate, the Trade Inspectorate and the Environment Protection Inspectorate – with regard to using and storing of fertilizers – to the new institution, would lead to unification of supervision and monitoring processes. It would also reduce the blurred competence and decision-making responsibilities, ultimately adding to the improvement of food safety in Poland. Considering the results of the audits conducted by the Supreme Audit Office and by the Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety of the European Commission, as well as their own observations, the authors of the article have discussed the justifications for changes in the current food safety system in Poland

Red Arils of <i>Taxus baccata</i> L.—A New Source of Valuable Fatty Acids and Nutrients

The aim of this study, focused on the nutritional value of wild berries, was to determine the contents of macronutrients, profiles of fatty (FAs) and amino acids (AAs), and the contents of selected elements in red arils (RA) of Taxus baccata L., grown in diverse locations in Poland. Protein (1.79–3.80 g/100 g) and carbohydrate (18.43–19.30 g/100 g) contents of RAs were higher than in many cultivated berries. RAs proved to be a source of lipids (1.39–3.55 g/100 g). Ten out of 18 AAs detected in RAs, mostly branched-chain AAs, were essential AAs (EAAs). The EAAs/total AAs ratio approximating were found in animal foods. Lipids of RA contained seven PUFAs, including those from n-3 family (19.20–28.20 g/100 g FA). Polymethylene-interrupted FAs (PMI-FAs), pinolenic 18:3Δ5,9,12; sciadonic 20:3Δ5,11,14, and juniperonic 20:4Δ5,11,14,17, known as unique for seeds of gymnosperms, were found in RAs. RAs may represent a novel dietary source of valuable n-3 PUFAs and the unique PMI-FAs. The established composition of RAs suggests it to become a new source of functional foods, dietary supplements, and valuable ingredients. Because of the tendency to accumulate toxic metals, RAs may be regarded as a valuable indicator of environmental contamination. Thus, the levels of toxic trace elements (Al, Ni, Cd) have to be determined before collecting fruits from natural habitats

Red Arils of Taxus baccata L.—A New Source of Valuable Fatty Acids and Nutrients

The aim of this study, focused on the nutritional value of wild berries, was to determine the contents of macronutrients, profiles of fatty (FAs) and amino acids (AAs), and the contents of selected elements in red arils (RA) of Taxus baccata L., grown in diverse locations in Poland. Protein (1.79–3.80 g/100 g) and carbohydrate (18.43–19.30 g/100 g) contents of RAs were higher than in many cultivated berries. RAs proved to be a source of lipids (1.39–3.55 g/100 g). Ten out of 18 AAs detected in RAs, mostly branched-chain AAs, were essential AAs (EAAs). The EAAs/total AAs ratio approximating were found in animal foods. Lipids of RA contained seven PUFAs, including those from n-3 family (19.20–28.20 g/100 g FA). Polymethylene-interrupted FAs (PMI-FAs), pinolenic 18:3Δ5,9,12; sciadonic 20:3Δ5,11,14, and juniperonic 20:4Δ5,11,14,17, known as unique for seeds of gymnosperms, were found in RAs. RAs may represent a novel dietary source of valuable n-3 PUFAs and the unique PMI-FAs. The established composition of RAs suggests it to become a new source of functional foods, dietary supplements, and valuable ingredients. Because of the tendency to accumulate toxic metals, RAs may be regarded as a valuable indicator of environmental contamination. Thus, the levels of toxic trace elements (Al, Ni, Cd) have to be determined before collecting fruits from natural habitats

Evidence-Based Aerobic Exercise Training in Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease: Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Background: This meta-analysis evaluates the overall effect of the non-pharmacological intervention, aerobic exercise, upon serum liver enzymes levels, glucose metabolism and anthropometric measures amongst patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). It also examines whether the effects on these outcomes are moderated by the aerobic training protocol when considered according to the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recommended FITT (frequency, intensity, time, type) principles. Approach and Results: Fifteen randomized control trials were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with usual care, continuous and interval training showed significant efficacy in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level improvement (MD = −2.4, 95% CI: −4.34 to −0.46 p = 0.015, I2 = 9.1%). Interventions based on all types of aerobic exercise protocols showed significant improvement of intrahepatic triglycerides (MD = −4.0557, 95% CI: −5.3711 to −2.7403, p &lt; 0.0001, I2 = 0%) and BMI (MD = −0.9774, 95% CI: −1.4086 to −0.5462, p &lt; 0.0001, I2 = 0). Meta-regression analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between total intervention time and ALT level (for all aerobic protocols: 6.0056, se = 2.6896, z = 2.2329, p = 0.02; as well as for continuous and interval aerobic protocols: 5.5069, se = 2.7315, z = 2.016, p = 0.04). Conclusions: All types of aerobic exercise protocols are effective at improving intrahepatic triglycerides and lead to a reduction in body mass index. In addition, continuous and interval aerobic exercise may be more effective at improving ALT ≤12 weeks intervention time benefits the management of MAFLD

Curly Kale (<i>Brassica oleracea var. Sabellica</i> L.) Biofortified with 5,7-Diiodo-8-quinolinol: The Influence of Heat Treatment on Iodine Level, Macronutrient Composition and Antioxidant Content

Many disorders are a result of an inadequate supply of macronutrients and micronutrients in the diet. One such element is iodine. This study used curly kale (Brassica oleracea var. Sabellica L.) biofortified with the 5,7-diiodo-8-quinolinol iodine compound. The effect of the heat treatment on the chemical composition of the curly kale was studied. In addition, iodine bioavailability was evaluated in in vivo studies. Our investigation showed that iodine loss depends on the type of heat treatment as well as on the variety of kale. Curly kale biofortified with iodoquinoline had significantly higher iodine levels after thermal processing (steaming, blanching, boiling) than the vegetable biofortified with KIO3. Generally, steaming was the best thermal processing method, as it contributed to the lowest iodine loss in curly kale. The red variety of kale, ‘Redbor F1’, showed a better iodine stability during the heat treatment than the green variety, ‘Oldenbor F1’. The thermal treatment also significantly affected the dry matter content and the basic chemical composition of the tested varieties of the 5,7-diI-8-Q biofortified kale. The steaming process caused a significant increase in total carbohydrates, fiber, protein and crude fat content (‘Oldenbor F1’, ‘Redbor F1’), and antioxidant activity (‘Oldenbor F1’). On the other hand, boiling caused a significant decrease, while steaming caused a significant increase, in protein and dry matter content (‘Oldenbor F1’, ‘Redbor F1’). The blanching process caused the smallest significant decrease in ash compared to the other thermal processes used (‘Oldenbor F1’). A feeding experiment using Wistar rats showed that iodine from the 5,7-diI-8-Q biofortified kale has a higher bioavailability than that from the AIN-93G diet. A number of promising results have been obtained, which could form the basis for further research