Properties and Counterexamples on Generalizations of Lindelof Spaces

In this thesis, generalizations of Lindelof spaces that depend on open covers and regularly open covers are studied. Namely: nearly Lindelof, almost Lindelof and weakly Lindelof spaces. And generalizations of regular-Lindelof spaces that depend on regular covers are also studied. Namely: nearly regularLindelof, almost regular-Lindelof and weakly regular-Lindelof spaces. Some properties and characterizations of these six generalizations of Lindeiof spaces are given. The relations among them are studied and some counterexamples are given in order to prove that the studied generatizations are proper generalizations of Lindelof spaces. Subspaces and subsets of these spaces are studied. We show that some subsets of these spaces inherit these covering properties and some others they do not Moreover, semiregular property on these spacess is studied to establish that all of these properties are semiregutar properties on the contrary of Lindelof property which is not a semiregular property. Mappings and generalized cont inuous functions are also studied on these generalizations and we prove that these properties are topological properties. Relations and some properties of many decompositions of continuity and generalized continuity that recently defined and studied are given. Counterexamples are also given to establish the relations among these generalizations of continuity. We show that some proper mappings preserve these topological properties such as: 6-continuity preserves nearly Lindelof property. O-continuity preserves almost Lindelof property. Rmaps preserve nearly regular-Lindelof property. Almost continuity preserves weakly Lindelof, almost regular-Lindelof and weakly regular-Lindelof properties. Moreover, we give some conditions on the functions or on the spaces to prove that weak forms of continuity preserve some of these covering properties under these conditions. The product property on these generalizations is also studied. We show that these topological properties, as in the case of most non-compact properties, are not preserved by product, even under a finite product. Some conditions are given on these generalizations to prove that these properties are preserved by finite product under these conditions. We show that, in weak P-spaces, finite product of nearly Lindelof spaces is nearly Lindelof and finite product of weakly Lindelof spaces is almost Lindelof

Effects of Digestion, Cell Culture Media, and Mucous on the Physical Properties, Cellular Effects, and Translocation of Polystyrene and Polymethacrylate Nanoparticles

The discovery of plastic and metal nanoparticles in organisms, foods, and beverages has generated numerous studies on the effects of these particles on the barrier cells and their subsequent absorption into the body. Following ingestion, nanoparticles travel down the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), and their physicochemical characteristics change in response to the change in proteins and pH during their digestion. We measured the translocation of digested nanoparticles across a co-culture monolayer of Caco-2 and various combinations (1:9, 5:5, and 9:1) of HT29-MTX-E12. The in vitro model of the intestine was used to determine the translocation of digested 20 nm polymethacrylate (PMA) particles and the accompanying monolayer barrier effects after a 72 h exposure. The in vitro digestion increased the agglomeration and hydrodynamic diameters and decreased the surface charge of the nanoparticles. For NH2-functionalized polymethacrylate nanoparticles (PMA-NH2), the diameters increased from 57 nm (water) to 3800 nm (media), or 2660 nm (chyme). These nanoparticles compromised the integrity of the monolayer (trans-epithelial electrical resistance, Lucifer yellow translocation) and translocated across all the cell ratio configurations. Digestion can have a large effect on nanoparticle agglomeration and surface charge. Excess mucous was not seen as a barrier to the translocation of PMA-NH2

The achievement of business education students on high school core subjects

The importance of academic courses taken during high school has been well documented. It could determine the students’ achievement in high school, affect the students’ ability to transition to postsecondary education and expand the students’ choice of postsecondary majors and degree options (Laird, Chen, & Levesque, 2006). This study examined whether enrollment in business education is related to achievements in high school core subjects. The rationale for the study is to determine if business education contributes to the academic achievement of high school students. This study used the data from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) High School Transcript Study (HSTS) collected in 2005. Nationally representative samples of over 26,000 public and private school students were assessed. The study described the graduating high school students by age, gender, ethnicity, the highest level of parental education, public or private school students, and whether or not they are business education students. The study also described the performance of the students on the mathematics, English, social studies, and science as measured by their GPAs in these respective subjects. The study compared academic achievement of business education students with that of non business education students in these core subjects. The study determined if differences exist in student academic achievement based on students’ personal demographic characteristics. These comparisons revealed that although there were statistically significant differences in GPA scores in all core subjects, the effect size of each of these areas was either small or moderate. Several selected variables explained statistically significant portions of the variance in high school student achievement as measured by GPA scores in the mathematics, English, social studies, and science. These variables were age, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, public or private school status and business or non business education status. Demographic factors played important role in determining students’ academic achievement. The multiple regression models had either small or moderate effect sizes. Overall, non business education students had a statistically significant superior academic achievement than business education students’ academic achievement. However, the statistically significant differences only translated into small effect sizes

Mappings on weakly Lindelof and weakly regular-Lindelof spaces.

In this paper we study the effect of mappings and some decompositions of continuity on weakly Lindelof spaces and weakly regular-Lindelof spaces. We show that some mappings preserve these topological properties. We also show that the image of a weakly Lindelof space (resp. weakly regular-Lindelof space) under an almost continuous mapping is weakly Lindelof (resp. weakly regular-Lindelof). Moreover, the image of a weakly regular-Lindelof space under a precontinuous and contracontinuous mapping is Lindelof

Pengaruh kompetensi keusahawanan terhadap tingkahlaku inovatif

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti hubungan di antara kompetensi keusahawanan terhadap tingkahlaku inovatif. Responden yang terlibat dalam kajian ini ialah guru praperkhidmatan (pelajar) yang sedang mengikuti pengajian Program Ijazah Sarjana Muda Perguruan (PISMP) di Institut Pendidikan Guru Malaysia (IPG). Seramai 413 orang pelajar PISMP telah dipilih daripada beberapa buah IPG di seluruh Malaysia. Instrumen soal selidik digunakan untuk mendapatkan maklumbalas responden terhadap konstruk-konstruk yang dikaji. Instrumen untuk mengukur konstruk kompetensi keusahawanan telah dibangunkan sendiri oleh pengkaji. Instrumen untuk mengukur tingkahlaku inovatif adalah ubahsuai daripada Messmann & Mulder (2012). Analisis pengesahan faktor peringkat kedua (second order confirmatory factor analysis) digunakan untuk mendapatkan indeks padanan model hipotesis dengan data kajian. Modifikasi model dilakukan untuk mendapatkan nilai indeks padanan yang baik (good fit) dalam menentusahkan model pengukuran konstruk kompetensi keusahawanan dan tingkahlaku inovatif. Semua model pengukuran digabungkan untuk membentuk model persamaan struktural. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan kompetensi keusahawanan mempunyai hubungan langsung yang positif dengan tingkahlaku inovatif. Beberapa implikasi kajian dikemukakan dalam penyelidikan ini khususnya dalam penyediaan bakal guru yang inovatif

AES WITH CHAOTIC USING CHEBYSHEV POLYNOMIAL

All the important information is exchanged between facilities using the internet and networks, all these data should besecret and secured probably, the personal information of person in each of these institutions day by day need to organized secretlyand the need of the cryptography systems is raised which can easily encrypt the personal and critical data and it can be shared withother centers via internet without and concerns about privacy. Chaotic performance is added to different phases of AES but very few apply it on key generation and choosing ChebyshevPolynomial will provide a chaotic map which will led to random strong key. our system based on modified advanced encryptionstandard (AES) , with encryption and decryption in real time taking to consideration the criticality of data images that beenencrypted the main encryption algorithm is the same the modification is done by replacing the key generation algorithm byChebyshev Polynomial to generate key with the required key size

Dual Heuristic Feature Selection Based on Genetic Algorithm and Binary Particle Swarm Optimization

اختيار الصفات هو أحد ادوات تنقيب البيانات الذي يستخدم لاختيار الصفات المهمة للبيانات المعطاة. ان الفائدة من اختيار صفات البيانات هو توفير الوقت وتقليل الذاكرة المستخدمة في معالجة البيانات. حسب تلك المبادئ صممنا خوارزمية اختيار الصفات على اساس دمج خوارزميتين من خوارزميات البحث العشوائي هما خوارزمية الأسراب الثنائية والخوارزمية الجينية لتعملا معاً بشكل منفصل. أستخدم التصنيف على اساس الجيران كدالة لتقييم عمل الخوارزمية المقترحة. فحصت وقورنت مع بيانات مصنفة بدون اختيار الصفات المهمة وبيانات مصنفة باختيار الصفات على اساس خوارزمية الأسراب الثنائية والخوارزمية الجينية. استخدمت في عملية التصنيف 26 مجموعة من البيانات التابعة للـ , UCI نتائج التجارب الرقمية بينت ان الخوارزمية المقترحة أفضل مقارنة مع البيانات بدون اختيار الصفات او باختيار الصفات للخوارزميات المشار اليها سابقاً.The features selection is one of the data mining tools that used to select the most important features of a given dataset. It contributes to save time and memory during the handling a given dataset. According to these principles, we have proposed features selection method based on mixing two metaheuristic algorithms Binary Particle Swarm Optimization and Genetic Algorithm work individually. The K-Nearest Neighbour (K-NN) is used as an objective function to evaluate the proposed features selection algorithm. The Dual Heuristic Feature Selection based on Genetic Algorithm and Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (DHFS) test, and compared with 26 well-known datasets of UCI machine learning. The numeric experiments result imply that the DHFS better performance compared with full features and that selected by the mentioned algorithms (Genetic Algorithm and Binary Particle Swarm Optimization).&nbsp

Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) in acute coronary syndrome

La phospholipase A2 liée aux lipoprotéines (Lp-PLA2) est une biomarqueur de plusieurs maladies inflammatoires et une niveau sérique élevé est associé à l’instabilité de la plaque artérioscléreuse. Comme son nom l’indique, la Lp-PLA2 est liée aux lipoprotéines plasmatiques (LDL et HDL) et son rôle est de prévenir l’accumulation de phospholipides oxidés a la surface des lipoprotéines. Toutefois, les produits de dégradation des phospholipides oxidés par la Lp-PLA2 - le lysophosphatidyl choline par les acides gras oxidés peuvent aussi promouvoir l’inflammation. Mieux comprendre le métabolisme de la Lp-PLA2 pourrait nous permettre de mieux apprécier son rôle dans la formation d’une plaque artérioscléreuse instable, car des études antérieures ont démontré une forte expression de la Lp-PLA2 dans la plaque. De plus, il existe une forte corrélation entre les niveaux et l’activité plasmatiques de la Lp-PLA2 et la maladie coronarienne, les accidents cérébraux-vasculaires et la mortalité cardiaque. L’inhibition de la Lp-PLA2 avec une petite molécule, le darapladib, n’a pas démontré de bénéfice sur les évènements cardiovasculaires dans deux études cliniques. Cette thèse présentera d’abord une revue de la littérature sur la Lp-PLA2 et les maladies cardiovasculaires et les deuxième et troisième chapitres, une étude clinique réalisée sur des patients avec un syndrome coronarien aigu.Lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is a biomarker of several inflammatory diseases and syndromes. An elevated Lp-PLA2 level is associated with unstable atherosclerotic plaques. Bound to plasma lipoproteins (LDL and HDL), Lp-PLA2 prevents the formation of biologically active oxidized phospholipids on their surface such as oxidized phosphatidylcholine (oxPC). Nevertheless, the products of Lp-PLA2 action, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) are both known to aggravate inflammation. Thus, understanding the metabolism of Lp-PLA2 could help us better understand its role in plaque formation, as studies have shown high expression of Lp-PLA2 and LPCs in unstable plaques. Moreover, studies showed correlation between increased Lp-PLA2 mass and activity and increased risk of coronary artery disease, stroke, and death. The inhibition of Lp-PLA2 with a small molecule, Darapladib, has not demonstrated benefit in reduction of cardiovascular events in two clinical studies. Here, the first chapter will focus on Lp-PLA2 and cardiovascular disease in man, highlighting the latest updates in the literature. The second and third chapters will introduce experimental work on Lp-PLA2 in the setting of acute coronary syndrome

Integrasi Teori-Teori Keusahawanan Ke Arah Pembangunan Keusahawanan Dalam Kalangan Pelajar Di Malaysia

Keusahawanan menunjukkan peningkatan populariti di peringkat pendidikan perniagaan, pendidikan kejuruteraan, universiti dan insititusi pendidikan. Kesemua pelajar yang melibatkan diri dalam pendidikan keusahawanan mempunyai potensi untuk membangunkan pengetahuan dan kemahiran keusahawanan mereka. Walau bagaimanapun, majoriti program pendidikan keusahawanan hanya memfokuskan kepada pengeksploitasian peluang yang sedia ada dan mengandaikan bahawa peluang tersebut telah dikenalpasti. Penyelidikan terhadap keusahawanan juga turut memperlihatkan kecekapan yang sering kali diabaikan atau hanya menerima sedikit perhatian semasa pengajaran keusahawanan. Artikel ini dibangunkan bertujuan untuk membantu dalam meningkatkan kefahaman terhadap konsep yang menyokong pembelajaran keusahawanan dan pembangunan kecekapan keusahawanan

Penerapan Sifat Kepimpinan Guru Ke Arah Mencapai Wawasan Pendidikan Negara

Kemajuan negara dan perkembangan bangsa adalah berdasarkan sistem pendidikan yang diamalkan. Pendidikan yang baik dapat melahirkan generasi yang bertanggungjawab dan menghargai kehidupan. Hal ini telah mencetuskan Wawasan Pendidikan Negara yang merupakan inti pati kepada Wawasan 2020. Usaha menyemai nilai murni dan perubahan pendidikan dalam kalangan pelajar kini turut terletak di bahu guru. Sifat kepimpinan yang terdapat pada guru amat penting dalam pembentukan wawasan pendidikan terutama gaya kepimpinan yang digunakan terhadap pelajar. Berdasarkan hala tuju yang telah digariskan, guru perlu menggunakan gaya kepimpinan yang diamalkan secara menyeluruh bagi memastikan segala aktiviti atau strategi yang dirancang mengikut hala tuju tersebut. Peranan seorang guru dalam membentuk wawasan ini juga membantu memberi kefahaman kepada guru dalam segala tindak tanduk yang perlu dilakukannya bagi mencapai Wawasan Pendidikan Negara