Electric and magnetic phenomena in water and living systems

We are called organisms because our cells are organized into a cooperativeassemblage of interacting elements. Human beings are morethan simply bags of interacting chemicals walking around enclosedwithin 1.8 square metres of skin. It has long been known thatbiological organisms, including ourselves, use chemical communicationsystems. Internally from tissue-to-tissue, for example, there arehormones; and externally, between individual organisms, particularlyinsects, there are pheromones. For the most part, the regulation ofbiological processes has been assumed to take place by means ofchemical communication systems from a transmitter molecule viadiffusion or bulk transport as the transmission link to a receiver orreceptor molecule. Multicellular organisms, and human beings, compriseat least (1011 ) cells, a more rapid and efficient system ofcommunication, other than a solely chemical means, is necessary toprovide for the vast number of interactions essential for propermanagement of the whole system-In real time such a system might need tohave a band width only obtainable with an optical carrier. Organismsare also dielectric resonators by virtue of their difference indielectric constant from their environment, and, thus, are surroundedby an evanescent electromagnetic envelope which can act as acommunication link to a similar field system [1). Bioelectromagneticfields are part and parcel of life, the study of which involves thestudy of the electric, magnetic and electromagnetic field patternssurrounding a living system

The effect of atrium configurations on energy usage in high-rise office buildings in semi-arid climate of Tehran

The building sector is responsible for at least 30% of energy use in most countries worldwide (UN environment, 2017) and around 33% of energy is used by HVAC systems in buildings (Salib & Wood, 2013). As a passive design element, an atrium has the potential to naturally provide heating and cooling, as well as adequate daylight, in arid and temperate climates. Moreover, a naturally ventilated atrium has also proven to be a useful environmental feature in tall building design (Moosavi et al., 2014; Salib & Wood, 2013; Sharples & Bensalem, 2001). This thesis investigated the impact of different configurations of atria on the energy performance of tall office buildings in Tehran. Despite having a rich history of climatic conscious design, the contemporary architecture of the Middle East, and Iran as one of the countries in this region, has witnessed excessive energy use (Holford & Hunt, 2003). The building sector in Iran consumes six times more energy in comparison to that of average European countries (Asgar, 2014a). Moreover, the HVAC sector in Iran uses 61% of the energy in office buildings (IFCO Iranain organization for Fuel Consumption Optimisation in the country, 2010). Providing thermal comfort via passive means is a challenge for tall buildings situated in semi-arid climates and therefore, the atria design for this region is of utmost importance. In this thesis, different types of atria are incorporated into square and rectangular plan tall office buildings and their performances are examined when the buildings are only naturally ventilated throughout the year. The outputs are compared to when HVAC assists the naturally ventilated buildings, and for this, a Dynamic Thermal Simulation (DTS) tool, called Design Builder, has been used. This thesis utilises a Design Science research method. A number of scenarios were simulated with different atria configurations for square and rectangular plan buildings. The outcome of the simulation showed that the atria located on the north and west façades generally perform more efficiently in minimising heat loss. It was also concluded that rectangular plan models generally perform more efficiently than square plan models in terms of lowering energy load and ensuring fewer uncomfortable hours. Amongst the rectangular plan models, the lowest heating and cooling load prototypes had a reduction of 66.65% in energy load. Meanwhile, amongst the square plan models the lowest heating and cooling load prototype had a reduction of 33.71% in energy load

SEPARATING GEOCHEMICAL SEDIMENTS’ ANOMALIES OF LITHIUM AND CONDUCTING STAGED FACTOR ANALYSIS BY THE USE OF CONCENTRATION-NUMBER FRACTAL MODELING ON SEDIMENTARY ROCKS OF THE JAM 1:100000 SHEET (NE IRAN)

Because of its special geochemical properties, lithium can be concentrated in sedimentary rocks. The current study was conducted on sedimentary units of the Jam 1:100000 sheet (NE Iran) by Concentration-Number(C-N) fractal models and staged factor analysis. Samples were based on stream sediment and lithogeochemical data. Concentration-Number fractal model was utilized to identify anomalous areas for lithium and the results were presented in the form of maps. According to the lithology of  the area, which contains sedimentary units with various clay minerals, and the high correlation between lithium and three other elements (B, Rb, and Cs) in the anomalous area, an area in the southeast of Jam was found to contain the highest amount of lithium anomaly. This area should be further investigated in future studies. It is suggested that interested researchers use the two methods implemented in this study to explore lithium in sedimentary rocks and identify promising areas bearing lithium in IranBecause of its special geochemical properties, lithium can be concentrated in sedimentary rocks. The current study was conducted on sedimentary units of the Jam 1:100000 sheet (NE Iran) by Concentration-Number(C-N) fractal models and staged factor analysis. Samples were based on stream sediment and lithogeochemical data. Concentration-Number fractal model was utilized to identify anomalous areas for lithium and the results were presented in the form of maps. According to the lithology of  the area, which contains sedimentary units with various clay minerals, and the high correlation between lithium and three other elements (B, Rb, and Cs) in the anomalous area, an area in the southeast of Jam was found to contain the highest amount of lithium anomaly. This area should be further investigated in future studies. It is suggested that interested researchers use the two methods implemented in this study to explore lithium in sedimentary rocks and identify promising areas bearing lithium in Iran

Reperfúziót követő mikrocirkulációs változások mechanizmusa: kísérletes és klinikai vizsgálatok = Mechanism of reperfusion induced microcirculatory changes: experimental and clinical studies

1. Krónikus állatkísérletekben kimutattuk, hogy szívizom ischemiát követően a keringő leukociták szabadgyök termelése és adhéziós molekula expressziója a reperfúzió késői szakaszában is emelkedett. A monociták tartós adhéziós molekula expresszió fokozódása e sejteknek az infarktus gyógyulási szakaszában játszott jelentős szerepére utal. 2. Kimutattuk, hogy a szívizom ischemiás prekondicionálása során az NF-kB bifázisos, míg az AP-1 monofázisos aktiválódást mutat, és e transzkripciós faktorok időbeli változását a prekondicionáló ischemiás ciklusok száma alig befolyásolja. Az acetilszalicilsav antitrombotikus és analgetikus dózisa nem, de a klinikailag alkalmazható maximális dózis gátolja az ischemiás prekondicionálás kardioprotektív hatását. 3. Kimutattuk, hogy a koronária műtétek következtében kialakuló gyulladásos reakciók jelentősen enyhébbek az off-pump módszerrel operált betegekben, mint a szív-tüdő géppel operált betegekben, amit az extrakorporális keringés nélküli műtétek során a fehérvérsejtek adhéziós molekula expressziójának, valamint a gyulladásos citokinek koncentrációjának jelentős mérséklődése igazol. 4. Kimutattuk, hogy a pulmonalis embólia indukálta oxidatív stressz a trombolízis korai időszakában tovább fokozódik, különösen a hatékonyabb rögoldó alteplase kezelés során. A keringő fehérvérsejtek emelkedett citokin termelése és adhéziós molekula expresszió változása a pulmonális embólia trombolízisét kísérő gyulladásos folyamatok elhúzódását jelzi. | 1. We have demonstrated enhanced free radical production and adhesion molecule expression on circulating leukocytes even in the chronic phase of reperfusion following transient myocardial ischemia. The prolonged elevation of adhesion molecule expression of monocytes denotes the significant role of these cells in the healing phase of myocardial infarct. 2. We have evinced that following preconditioning NF-kB shows a biphasic, while AP-1 shows a monophasic activation. The number of ischemic preconditioning cycles hardly influences the dynamism of these transcription factors. The antithrombotic and analgetic dose of acetyl salicylic acid does not interfere with, but the maximal clinical dose inhibits the cardioprotective action of ischemic preconditioning. 3. Diminished expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules and lesser production of proinflammatory cytokines evidenced that the systemic inflammation is moderated in patients underwent to off pump coronary artery bypass surgery compared to the traditional cardiopulmonary bypass technique. 4. We have demonstrated, that pulmonary embolism induced oxidative stress that was more prominent following thrombolysis, especially in the case of fast acting alteplase. Prolonged inflammatory reactions were reflected in enhanced cytokine release and altered surface adhesion molecule expression of the circulating leukocytes following thrombolysis in patients suffering from pulmonary embolism

Cardioprotection and ageing

With an increase in the elderly population and an increase in the prevalence of age-related cardiovascular disease, anesthesiologists are increasingly being faced with elderly patients with known or suspected ischemic heart disease in the perioperative period. Although early reperfusion remains the best strategy to reduce ischemic injury, reperfusion may damage the myocardium. Adjuvant therapy to revascularization is therefore necessary. To develop better strategies to prevent ischemia-reperfusion injury in older patients, we need to understand the aged myocardium, which has undergone structural and functional changes relative to the normal myocardium, resulting in reduced functional capacity and vulnerability to ischemia-reperfusion injury. In addition, innate or acquired cardioprotection deteriorates with aging. These changes in the aged myocardium might explain why there is poor translation of basic research findings from young animals to older patients. In this review, I discuss changes in intracellular signaling associated with myocardial ageing that have an effect on ischemia-reperfusion injury, and I discuss the efficacy of cardioprotection afforded by ischemic and pharmacologic pre-and post-conditioning in the aged myocardium. Finally, I outline strategies to restore protection in the aged myocardium

The effect of cutting tool micro-geometry on tool life

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