Oblique drop impact onto a deep liquid pool

\u3cp\u3eOblique impact of drops onto a solid or liquid surface is frequently observed in nature. Most studies on drop impact and splashing, however, focus on perpendicular impact. Here we study oblique impact of 100μm drops onto a deep liquid pool, where we quantify the splashing threshold, maximum cavity dimensions and cavity collapse by high-speed imaging above and below the water surface. Gravity can be neglected in these experiments. Three different impact regimes are identified: smooth deposition onto the pool, splashing in the direction of impact only, and splashing in all directions. We provide scaling arguments that delineate these regimes by accounting for the drop impact angle and Weber number. The angle of the axis of the cavity created below the water surface follows the impact angle of the drop irrespectively of the Weber number, while the cavity depth and its displacement with respect to the impact position do depend on the Weber number. Weber number dependency of both the cavity depth and displacement is modeled using an energy argument.\u3c/p\u3

Near-Field Optical Litography

This chapter reviews a specific application of scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) to lithography. The working principles of the conventional lithographic techniques and related materials as well as of the SNOM technique are recalled. Detailed results of the aperture and apertureless scanning near-field optical lithography (SNOL) with regard to resolution and effectiveness of the method are dealt with. In particular, attention is focused on SNOL results on azo-polymers. The photo-printing mechanism of those polymers has in return allowed the study of the near-field fundamental features as well as of the probes