Les mines de fer de Schefferville

The iron mines of Schefferville, at a latitude of 55° N., are the first mines exploited in one of the best provided iron ore regions in the World ; the geosynclinal of Labrador. Their distance from the sea (360 miles to the estuary of the St. Lawrence) is compensated for by the richness of the ore deposits : abundant reserves, high percentage yield, and the quality of the mineral.The ore is mined in open pits ; the main difficulty is the harshness of the climate, which necessitates the interruption of operations from the end of November to the middle of April. The deposits are found in a subarctic taiga zone. It has been necessary to bring in all the workers ; mostly French Canadians, but also some foreigners. All tools and provisions have to be transported a great distance. The ore production is increasing rapidly : 2.25 million tons in 1954, 6 million tons in 1955, and 12 million tons in 1956. It will reach 20 million tons within the next few years. The ore is transported entirely by the railroad specially built to the port of Sept-Iles, from which it reaches, either by the sea route or by the St. Lawrence, the iron-smelting region of the north-eastern United States, where the principal outlets of the Iron Ore Co. of Canada are found. The port of Sept-Iles, which had a population of 5,573 in 1956, compared to that of 1,866 in 1951, could very possibly see its importance increase when the completion of the St. Lawrence Seaway will allow prairies grain, and possibly Pennsylvania coal, to serve as return freight for the iron ore. Close to the mines, Schefferville already has 3,500 inhabitants and has become the largest town in Labrador. Besides its purely mining junctions there are others, in particular that of a supply centre and of a transportation terminus. Its population is becoming progressively more stable and of a more balanced composition. The camp of the first prospectors is thus transformed into a permanently populated centre, of which the legal existence was recognized on the first of August, 1955

Novel Insights into the Bovine Polled Phenotype and Horn Ontogenesis in Bovidae

Despite massive research efforts, the molecular etiology of bovine polledness and the developmental pathways involved in horn ontogenesis are still poorly understood. In a recent article, we provided evidence for the existence of at least two different alleles at the Polled locus and identified candidate mutations for each of them. None of these mutations was located in known coding or regulatory regions, thus adding to the complexity of understanding the molecular basis of polledness. We confirm previous results here and exhaustively identify the causative mutation for the Celtic allele (PC) and four candidate mutations for the Friesian allele (PF). We describe a previously unreported eyelash-and-eyelid phenotype associated with regular polledness, and present unique histological and gene expression data on bovine horn bud differentiation in fetuses affected by three different horn defect syndromes, as well as in wild-type controls. We propose the ectopic expression of a lincRNA in PC/p horn buds as a probable cause of horn bud agenesis. In addition, we provide evidence for an involvement of OLIG2, FOXL2 and RXFP2 in horn bud differentiation, and draw a first link between bovine, ovine and caprine Polled loci. Our results represent a first and important step in understanding the genetic pathways and key process involved in horn bud differentiation in Bovidae

Les céréales secondaires en France

Journaux A. Les céréales secondaires en France. In: L'information géographique, volume 11, n°4, 1947. pp. 139-148

Éboulements, ravinements et mouvements de masse dans la Serra do Mar, (Brésil) (Lanslides. gullying and mass-movements in the Serra do Mar, Brazil)

Abstract. - The Serra do Mar escarpment, between Rio de Janeiro and Tubarão, is covered by a humid tropical forest, torn away by mass movements following heavy rainfalls, especially since 1966. The shearing at the bottom of the weathering mantle provokes three sorts of phenomenons : the landslide in the thin formations, the fan ravining in the very thick formations, and the rockfall due to the decompression result detaching exfoliation sheets. If the man is responsible of the process acceleration, these phenomenons are natural and may be give the signal of the beginning of a new period of slope denudation.Résumé. - L'escarpement de la Serra do Mar, entre Rio de Janeiro et Tubarão, est couvert par une forêt tropicale humide, arrachée par des mouvements de masse à la suite de fortes pluies, surtout depuis 1966. Le cisaillement à la base des altérites provoque trois sortes de phénomènes : le glissement en planche (landslide) dans les formations peu épaisses, le ravinement en éventail dans les formations très épaisses, et l'éboulement (rockfall) dû à l'effet de décompression détachant des écailles d'exfoliation. Si l'homme est responsable de l'accélération des processus, ces phénomènes sont naturels et signalent peut-être le début d'une nouvelle période de dénudation des versants.Journaux André. Éboulements, ravinements et mouvements de masse dans la Serra do Mar, (Brésil) (Lanslides. gullying and mass-movements in the Serra do Mar, Brazil). In: Bulletin de l'Association de géographes français, N°450-451, 55e année, Février-mars 1978. pp. 75-81

Chronique de l'Institut de Géographie de la Faculté des Lettres de Caen

Journaux André. Chronique de l'Institut de Géographie de la Faculté des Lettres de Caen. In: Norois, n°29, Janvier-Mars 1961. pp. 125-128

G. Plaisance. — Dictionnaires et lexiques pédologiques.

Journaux André. G. Plaisance. — Dictionnaires et lexiques pédologiques. . In: Norois, n°26, Avril-Juin 1960. pp. 207-208

Chronique de l'Institut de Géographie de la Faculté des Lettres de Caen

Journaux André. Chronique de l'Institut de Géographie de la Faculté des Lettres de Caen. In: Norois, n°33, Janvier-Mars 1962. pp. 123-126

Introduction

Journaux André. Introduction . In: Annales de Géographie, t. 95, n°528, 1986. pp. 145-147

25e Congrès international de géographie

Journaux André. 25e Congrès international de géographie. In: Annales de Géographie, t. 87, n°483, 1978. p. 565