6 research outputs found
Experimental investigation of the effect of insulator sleeve length on the time to pinch and multipinch formation in the plasma focus facility
A novel strategy for defining haplotypes by selective depletion using restriction enzymes
Head Circumference and Brain and Hippocampal Volume after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Childhood
Deuterium Plasma Focus as a Tool for Testing Materials of Plasma Facing Walls in Thermonuclear Fusion Reactors
Corpus Callosum and Inferior Forebrain White Matter Microstructure Are Related to Functional Outcome from Raised Intracranial Pressure in Child Traumatic Brain Injury
Osteosarcoma Development and Stem Cell Differentiation
Osteosarcoma is the most common nonhematologic malignancy of bone in children and adults. The peak incidence occurs in the second decade of life, with a smaller peak after age 50. Osteosarcoma typically arises around the growth plate of long bones. Most osteosarcoma tumors are of high grade and tend to develop pulmonary metastases. Despite clinical improvements, patients with metastatic or recurrent diseases have a poor prognosis. Here, we reviewed the current understanding of human osteosarcoma, with an emphasis on potential links between defective osteogenic differentiation and bone tumorigenesis. Existing data indicate osteosarcoma tumors display a broad range of genetic and molecular alterations, including the gains, losses, or arrangements of chromosomal regions, inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, and the deregulation of major signaling pathways. However, except for p53 and/or RB mutations, most alterations are not constantly detected in the majority of osteosarcoma tumors. With a rapid expansion of our knowledge about stem cell biology, emerging evidence suggests osteosarcoma should be regarded as a differentiation disease caused by genetic and epigenetic changes that interrupt osteoblast differentiation from mesenchymal stem cells. Understanding the molecular pathogenesis of human osteosarcoma could ultimately lead to the development of diagnostic and prognostic markers, as well as targeted therapeutics for osteosarcoma patients