5 research outputs found
Fracture diagnostics, unnecessary travel and treatment: a comparative study before and after the introduction of teleradiology in a remote general practice
The surface of the perovskites LiBaF3 and BaZrO3 studied by low-energy ion scattering
Low‐energy ion scattering has been performed on the normal perovskite BaZrO3 and the only known inverse perovskite LiBaF3. BaO2, ZrO2, and BaF2 were used to quantify the surface coverage of the different constituents. In BaZrO3 the surface coverage showed an enrichment of Ba. Calibration to the metaloxides gave surface coverages of 80% and 20% for Ba and Zr, respectively. For the LiBaF3, also a higher Ba coverage was detected, and, compared to BaF2, found to be 75%. The enrichment of this twelvefold coordinated cation can be explained in terms of a segregation effect due to a lower surface free energy of the bariumoxide and ‐fluoride with respect to the zirconiumoxide or lithiumfluoride. In view of our earlier experiments on spinel structures, preferential exposure of certain planes of the perovskite structure is another possibility, which has yet to be evaluated. The results indicate that a surface terminated by cations in the B‐site, in most cases transition metals, does not present a reliable model when discussing the catalytic activity of the perovskites
Determinants and protective behaviours regarding tick bites among school children in the Netherlands: a cross-sectional study
BACKGROUND: Lyme borreliosis (LB) is the most common tick-borne disease in the United States and Europe. The incidence is 13.4 per 100,000 inhabitants in the United States and more than 300 per 100,000 inhabitants in Europe. Children are at highest risk of LB. In the Netherlands in 2007, the incidence of tick bites in children between 10–14 years varied from 7,000 -11,000 per 100,000, depending on age. This study among Dutch school children aimed to examine the knowledge, perceived threat, and perceived importance of protective behaviour in relation to tick bites and their potential consequences. METHODS: In April 2012, the municipal health services (MHS) contacted primary schools to recruit children 9–13 years by telephone, e-mail, or advertisement in MHS newsletters. In total, 1,447 children from 40 schools participated in this study by completing a specifically developed and pretested compact paper questionnaire. Regression models were used to determine which covariates (e.g. forest cover, previous education, knowledge) are associated with our response variables. RESULTS: 70% (n = 1,015) of the children answered at least six out of seven knowledge questions correctly. The vast majority (93%; n = 1345) regarded body checks as very or somewhat important, 18% (n = 260) was routinely checked by their parents. More frequent body checks were associated with good knowledge about ticks and tick-borne diseases and knowing persons who got ill after tick bite. Children in areas with a higher forest cover were more likely to be checked frequently. CONCLUSIONS: Most children have a good knowledge of ticks and the potential consequences of tick bites. Knowing persons who personally got ill after tick-bite is associated with a good knowledge score and leads to higher susceptibility and better appreciation of the need for body checks. Perceived severity is associated with a good knowledge score and with knowing persons who got ill after tick-bite. Is seems to be useful to additionally address children in health education regarding ticks and tick-borne diseases. The relationship between health education programs for children (and their parents) about ticks and their possible consequences and prevention of these deserves further study