Visualizing the hotspots and emerging trends of 3D printing through scientometrics

Purpose - 3D printing is believed to be driving the third industrial revolution. A comprehensive understanding of the hotspots and trends of 3D printing may promote the theory development of 3D printing, help researchers to determine the research direction, and provide a reference for enterprises and government to plan the development of 3D printing industry. However, a scientometric visualizing of 3D printing research and an exploration its hotspots and emerging trends are lacking. Therefore, it was necessary to carry out this relevant research. Design/methodology/approach – Based on the theory of scientometrics, 2769 literatures on the 3D printing theme were found in the Web of Science Core Collection’ SCI indexes between 1995-2016. These were analyzed to explore the research hotspots and emerging trends of 3D printing with the software CiteSpaceIII. Findings – (1) hotspots appeared first in 1993, grow rapidly from 2005, and peaked in 2013; (2) hotspots in the "medical field" appeared earliest and have remained extremely active; (3) hotspots have evolved from “drug”, "printer", "rapid prototyping" and "3D printing" in the 1990s, through "laser-induced consolidation", "scaffolds", "sintering" and "metal matrix composites" in the 2000s, to the current hotspots of "stereolithography", "laser additive manufacturing", "medical images", etc.; (4) "3D bioprinting",“titanium”, “stem cell” and "chemical reaction" were the emerging hotspots in recent years; (5) "commercial operation" and "fusion with emerging technology such as big data" may create future hotspots. Research limitations/implications - It is hard to avoid the possibility of missing important research results on 3D printing. The relevant records could be missing if the query phrases for topic search do not appear in records. Besides, in order to improve the quality of data, this study selected articles and reviews as the research objects, which may also omit some records. Originality/value - First, this is the first paper visualizing the hotspots and emerging trends of 3D printing using scientometric tools. Second, not only "burst reference" and "burst keywords", but also "cluster" and "landmark article" are also selected as the evaluation factors to judge the hotspots and trends of a domain comprehensively. Third, overall perspective of hotspots and trends of 3D printing is put forward for the first time

Tris(1,10-phenanthroline-κ2 N,N′)zinc(II) chloride 2-phenyl-4-selenazole-5-car­box­yl­ate decahydrate

The asymmetric unit of the title salt, [Zn(C12H8N2)3](C10H6NO2Se)Cl·10H2O, contains a [Zn(phen)3]2+ cation (phen is 1,10-phenanthroline), uncoordinated chloride and 2-phenyl-4-selenazole-5-carboxyl­ate anions and ten uncoord­in­ated water mol­ecules. The central ZnII ion is six-coordinated by six N atoms from three phen ligands in a distorted octa­hedral geometry. An extensive O—H⋯O, O—H⋯N and O—H⋯Cl hydrogen-bonding network stabilizes the crystal structure

Heat statistics in the relaxation process of the Edwards-Wilkinson elastic manifold

The stochastic thermodynamics of systems with a few degrees of freedom has been studied extensively so far. We would like to extend the study to systems with more degrees of freedom and even further-continuous fields with infinite degrees of freedom. The simplest case for a continuous stochastic field is the Edwards-Wilkinson elastic manifold. It is an exactly solvable model of which the heat statistics in the relaxation process can be calculated analytically. The cumulants require a cutoff spacing to avoid ultra-violet divergence. The scaling behavior of the heat cumulants with time and the system size as well as the large deviation rate function of the heat statistics in the large size limit is obtained