3,740 research outputs found
Transverse Momentum Distribution Through Soft-Gluon Resummation in Effective Field Theory
We study resummation of transverse-momentum-related large logarithms
generated from soft-gluon radiations in soft-collinear effective field theory.
The anomalous dimensions of the effective quark and gluon currents, an
important ingredient for the resummation, are calculated to two-loop order. the
result at next-to-leading-log reproduces that obtained using the standard
method for deep-inelastic scattering, Drell-Yan process, and Higgs production
through gluon-gluon fusion. We comment on the extension of the calculation to
next-to-next-to-leading logarithms.Comment: 13 pages, one figur
A Super-Earth Transiting a Naked-Eye Star
We have detected transits of the innermost planet "e" orbiting 55 Cnc
(V=6.0), based on two weeks of nearly continuous photometric monitoring with
the MOST space telescope. The transits occur with the period (0.74 d) and phase
that had been predicted by Dawson & Fabrycky, and with the expected duration
and depth for the crossing of a Sun-like star by a hot super-Earth. Assuming
the star's mass and radius to be 0.963_{-0.029}^{+0.051} M_sun and 0.943 +/-
0.010 R_sun, the planet's mass, radius, and mean density are 8.63 +/- 0.35
Mearth, 2.00 +/- 0.14 Rearth, and 5.9_{-1.1}^{+1.5} g/cm^3. The mean density is
comparable to that of Earth, despite the greater mass and consequently greater
compression of the interior of 55 Cnc e. This suggests a rock-iron composition
supplemented by a significant mass of water, gas, or other light elements.
Outside of transits, we detected a sinusoidal signal resembling the expected
signal due to the changing illuminated phase of the planet, but with a full
range (168 +/- 70 ppm) too large to be reflected light or thermal emission.
This signal has no straightforward interpretation and should be checked with
further observations. The host star of 55 Cnc e is brighter than that of any
other known transiting planet, which will facilitate future investigations.Comment: ApJ Letters, in press (v3) Minor changes/clarifications; (v2) Revised
after fixing an error in the data reduction pipeline; for details see
http://web.mit.edu/~jwinn/www/55cnc_response.tx
R-parity Violation and Semileptonic Decays of B-meson
We investigate the effects of R-parity violation on the semileptonic decays
of B-meson in the minimal supersymmetric standard model with explicit R-parity
violation and discuss its physical implications. We find that the semileptonic
decays of B-meson can be largely affected by the R-parity violation.Comment: 10 pages, LaTex file, no figure. References and a table are added.
Tables are improve
Pancreatic tumors: an overview
Review on pancreatic tumors with data on clinics, and the genes implicated
Constraints on the R-parity- and Lepton-Flavor-Violating Couplings from B0 Decats to Two Charged Leptons
We derive the upper bounds on certain products of R-parity- and
lepton-flavor-violating couplings from the decays of the neutral meson into
two charged leptons. These modes of decays can constrain the product
combinations of the couplings with one or more heavy generation indices. We
find that most of these bounds are stronger than the previous ones.Comment: Table is changed; version to appear in Phys. Rev.
Resummation of Threshold Logarithms in Effective Field Theory For DIS, Drell-Yan and Higgs Production
We apply the effective field theoretic (EFT) approach to resum the large
perturbative logarithms arising when partonic hard scattering cross-sections
are taken to the threshold limit. We consider deep inelastic scattering,
Drell-Yan lepton pair production and the standard model Higgs production
through gluon-gluon fusion via heavy-top loop. We demonstrate the equivalence
of the EFT approach with the more conventional, factorization-based methods to
all logarithmic accuracies and to all orders in perturbation theory. Specific
EFT results are shown for the resummation up to next-to-next-to-next leading
logarithmic accuracy for the above mentioned processes. We emphasize the
relative simplicity by which we derive most of the results and more importantly
their clear physical origin. We find a new relation between the functions
in the quark and gluon form factors and the matching coefficients
in Drell-Yan and Higgs production, which may explain their universality
believed to hold to all orders in perturbation theory.Comment: 28 pages. Some typos corrected. Two references adde
Visibility of Old Supernova Remnants in HI 21-cm Emission Line
We estimate the number of old, radiative supernova remnants (SNRs) detectable
in HI 21-cm emission line in the Galaxy. According to our result, the
contamination due to the Galactic background HI emission limits the number of
visible SNRs to 270, or 9% of the total HI SNRs. The telescope sensitivity
further limits the number. We compare the result with observations to find that
the observed number (< 25) of HI SNRs is much less than the expected. A
plausible explanation is that previous observational studies, which were made
toward the SNRs identified mostly in radio continuum, missed most of the HI
SNRs because they are too faint to be visible in radio continuum. We propose
that the faint, extended HI 21-cm emission line wings protruding from the
Galactic background HI emission in large-scale (l, v) diagrams could be
possible candidates for HI SNRs, although our preliminary result shows that
their number is considerably less than the expected in the inner Galaxy. We
conclude that a possible explanation for the small number of \schi SNRs in the
inner Galaxy is that the interstellar space there is largely filled with a very
tenuous gas as in the three-phase ISM model.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
B -> Xs l_i^+ l_j^+ Decays with R-parity Violation
We derive the upper bounds on certain products of R-parity- and
lepton-flavor-violating couplings from B \ra X_s {l_i}^+ {l_j}^- decays.
These modes of B-meson decays can constrain the product combinations of the
couplings with one or more heavy generation indices which are comparable with
or stronger than the present bounds. From the studies of the invariant dilepton
mass spectrum and the forward backward asymmetry of the emitted leptons we note
the possibility of detecting R-parity-violating signals even when the total
decay rate due to R-parity violating couplings is comparable with that in the
standard model and discriminating two types of R-parity-violating signals. The
general expectation of the enhancement of the forward backward asymmetry of the
emitted leptons in the minimal supersymmetric standard model with R-parity may
be corrupted by R-parity violation.Comment: 10 pages, Revtex, 1 table and 2 figure
A surprisingly poor correlation between in vitro and in vivo testing of biomaterials for bone regeneration: results of a multicentre analysis.
New regenerative materials and approaches need to be assessed through reliable and comparable methods for rapid translation to the clinic. There is a considerable need for proven in vitro assays that are able to reduce the burden on animal testing, by allowing assessment of biomaterial utility predictive of the results currently obtained through in vivo studies. The purpose of this multicentre review was to investigate the correlation between existing in vitro results with in vivo outcomes observed for a range of biomaterials. Members from the European consortium BioDesign, comprising 8 universities in a European multicentre study, provided data from 36 in vivo studies and 47 in vitro assays testing 93 different biomaterials. The outcomes of the in vitro and in vivo experiments were scored according to commonly recognised measures of success relevant to each experiment. The correlation of in vitro with in vivo scores for each assay alone and in combination was assessed. A surprisingly poor correlation between in vitro and in vivo assessments of biomaterials was revealed indicating a clear need for further development of relevant in vitro assays. There was no significant overall correlation between in vitro and in vivo outcome. The mean in vitro scores revealed a trend of covariance to in vivo score with 58 %. The inadequacies of the current in vitro assessments highlighted here further stress the need for the development of novel approaches to in vitro biomaterial testing and validated pre-clinical pipelines
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