The presence of Microlobius foetidus cause changes in the antioxidant defense of Urochloa decumbens?

AbstractUrochloa decumbens (Stapf) R. D. Webster (Poaceae) is an exotic species with has spread rapidly through the Cerrado area of Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. It has covered the soil aggressively turning it into cultivated pastures. Thus, it has become a challenge to protect native areas due its capacity of exclusion of native species. It has been observed that Microlobius foetidus (Jacq.) M.Sousa & G.Andrade species (Fabaceae) shows a dominant pattern over the development of U. decumbens. This work shows that M. foetidusinterfere on the natural growth of U. decumbens within 10 m ratio. Between 15 and 20 m, it was observed an increase of Importance Value index (IVI) and Relative cover (RC) values. It was also observed a variation on the antioxidant defense system of U. decumbens within 10m ratio from M. foetidus. The enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase present higher levels of activity then those found for glutathione reductase. This data indicates that M. foetidus may have an effect on U. decumbens, increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes. This effect probably happens as means to neutralize the toxic effects of the oxygen generated due to the presence of allelochemicals, which increases oxidative stress

Particle filtering with applications in networked systems: a survey

The particle filtering algorithm was introduced in the 1990s as a numerical solution to the Bayesian estimation problem for nonlinear and non-Gaussian systems and has been successfully applied in various fields including physics, economics, engineering, etc. As is widely recognized, the particle filter has broad application prospects in networked systems, but network-induced phenomena and limited computing resources have led to new challenges to the design and implementation of particle filtering algorithms. In this survey paper, we aim to review the particle filtering method and its applications in networked systems. We first provide an overview of the particle filtering methods as well as networked systems, and then investigate the recent progress in the design of particle filter for networked systems. Our main focus is on the state estimation problems in this survey, but other aspects of particle filtering approaches are also highlighted.Chinese 973 project; Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Special Program for International Science and Technology Cooperation from Ministry of Science and Technology of China; Royal Society of the UK; Research Fund for the Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation of German