3,731 research outputs found
Chemistry in Second Life
This review will focus on the current level on chemistry research, education, and visualization possible within the multi-user virtual environment of Second Life. We discuss how Second Life has been used as a platform for the interactive and collaborative visualization of data from molecules and proteins to spectra and experimental data. We then review how these visualizations can be scripted for immersive educational activities and real-life collaborative research. We also discuss the benefits of the social networking affordances of Second Life for both chemists and chemistry students
SPFC: a tool to improve water management and hay production in the Crau region
Correspondance: [email protected] ; UMR SYSTEM Ă©quipe CONSYSTThis article deals with the development and application of SPFC, a model used to improve water and grassland production (HC) in this region of France. This model is composed of two sub-models: an irrigation model and a crop model. As the fields are border irrigated, these two sub-models are coupled. The crop model simulates dry matter, Leaf Area Index (LAI) and soil water reserve (SWR) variations. LAI and SWR are both used for border model updating: SWR for the deficit of saturation required by the infiltration equation and LAI for the roughness coefficient n. After calibration and validation, SPFC is then used to identify realistic management strategies for the irrigation and production system at the plot level. By scheduling irrigation when SWR is 50% depleted, would result in a low Dry Matter DM production loss (around 10%), reduced labour (8 irrigation events instead of 11) and in significant water saving compared with farmers' practices, on the basis of an average climatic scenario. Furthermore, this improvement of irrigation efficiency is not incompatible with groundwater recharge used for the potable water supply of the region
OstĂ©onĂ©croses Aseptiques vues en Rhumatologie Ă Abidjan entre 2001 et 2011: CaractĂ©ristiques ĂpidĂ©miologiques et Diagnostiques de 31 Patients
Objectif :
Etudier les caractĂ©ristiques Ă©pidĂ©miologiques et diagnostiques des ostĂ©onĂ©croses aseptiques chez une population noire dâAfrique sub-saharienne. Patients et mĂ©thodes : Etude rĂ©trospective descriptive sur 11 ans (janvier 2001 Ă dĂ©cembre 2011) portant sur les patients vus pour une ostĂ©onĂ©crose aseptique en rhumatologie Ă Abidjan en CĂŽte dâIvoire.
RĂ©sultats : Sur 3592 patients vus pour une affection rhumatologique, 31 (0,86%) avaient une ostĂ©onĂ©crose aseptique (incidence annuelle moyenne de 2,58 cas). LâĂąge moyen des patients, 10 hommes et 21 femmes, Ă©tait de 40,2+/-13,4 ans (extrĂȘmes : 19 - 75 ans). Le dĂ©lai diagnostique moyen Ă©tait de 9,4 mois +/- 9,1 (extrĂȘmes : 1 - 36 mois). Les patients consultaient surtout pour une forte douleur Ă dĂ©but progressif (77,4%), dâĂ©volution chronique (87,1%), avec impotence fonctionnelle (87,1%). Les facteurs de risques de lâostĂ©onĂ©crose aseptique Ă©taient lâhĂ©moglobinopathie (38,7%), lâalcoolisme (35,4%), le surpoids/obĂ©sitĂ© (29,0%), les dyslipidĂ©mies (25,8%), la corticothĂ©rapie (16,1%), le tabagisme (16,1%), lâinfection Ă VIH (9,7%), les troubles de la statique et traumatismes (9,7%), lâhyperuricĂ©mie (9,7%), et la polyarthrite rhumatoĂŻde (3,2%). Il sâagissait dâostĂ©onĂ©crose aseptique de la tĂȘte fĂ©morale (90,3%), du condyle fĂ©moral (6,45%), et de la tĂȘte humĂ©rale (3,2%). LâostĂ©onĂ©crose aseptique de la tĂȘte fĂ©morale Ă©tait surtout classĂ©e stade III (32,3%) et IV (38,7%) selon Arlet et Ficat. Conclusion : LâostĂ©onĂ©crose aseptique nâest pas rare en milieu rhumatologique Ă Abidjan. La tĂȘte fĂ©morale est la plus touchĂ©e et les facteurs de risque les plus frĂ©quents sont lâhĂ©moglobinopathie, lâalcoolisme, le surpoids/obĂ©sitĂ©, et les dyslipidĂ©mies.
Objective: To study the epidemiologic and diagnostic characteristics of aseptic osteonecrosis in a black population in sub-Saharan Africa. Patients and Methods: Retrospective, descriptive study over 11 years (January 2001 to December 2011) of patients seen for aseptic osteonecrosis in rheumatology in Abidjan, CĂŽte d'Ivoire. Results: Out of 3592 patients seen in rheumatological pratice, 31 (0.86%) had aseptic osteonecrosis (mean annual incidence of 2.58 cases). The mean age of the patients, 10 men and 21 women, was 40.16+/-13.39 years (extremes: 19 - 75 years). The mean diagnostic delay was 9.4+/- 9.1 months (extremes: 1 - 36 months). The patients consulted mainly for severe pain with progressive onset (77.4%), chronic evolution (87.1%), with functional impotence (87.1%). The risk factors of aseptic osteonecrosis were hemoglobinopathy (38.7%), alcoholism (35.4%), overweight/obesity (29.0%), dyslipidemia (25.8%), corticosteroid therapy (16.1%), smoking (16.1%), HIV infection (9.7%), static disorders and trauma (9.7%), hyperuricemia (9.7%), and rheumatoid arthritis (3.2%). These were aseptic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (90.3%), femoral condyle (6.45%), and humeral head (3.2%). aseptic osteonecrosis of the femoral head was mostly classified as stage III (32.3%) and IV (38.7%) according to Arlet and Ficat. Conclusion: Aseptic osteonecrosis is not uncommon in rheumatology settings in Abidjan. The femoral head is the most affected and the most frequent risk factors are hemoglobinopathy, alcoholism, overweight/obesity, and dyslipidemia
OstĂ©onĂ©croses Aseptiques vues en Rhumatologie Ă Abidjan entre 2001 et 2011: CaractĂ©ristiques ĂpidĂ©miologiques et Diagnostiques de 31 Patients
Objectif :
Etudier les caractĂ©ristiques Ă©pidĂ©miologiques et diagnostiques des ostĂ©onĂ©croses aseptiques chez une population noire dâAfrique sub-saharienne. Patients et mĂ©thodes : Etude rĂ©trospective descriptive sur 11 ans (janvier 2001 Ă dĂ©cembre 2011) portant sur les patients vus pour une ostĂ©onĂ©crose aseptique en rhumatologie Ă Abidjan en CĂŽte dâIvoire.
RĂ©sultats : Sur 3592 patients vus pour une affection rhumatologique, 31 (0,86%) avaient une ostĂ©onĂ©crose aseptique (incidence annuelle moyenne de 2,58 cas). LâĂąge moyen des patients, 10 hommes et 21 femmes, Ă©tait de 40,2+/-13,4 ans (extrĂȘmes : 19 - 75 ans). Le dĂ©lai diagnostique moyen Ă©tait de 9,4 mois +/- 9,1 (extrĂȘmes : 1 - 36 mois). Les patients consultaient surtout pour une forte douleur Ă dĂ©but progressif (77,4%), dâĂ©volution chronique (87,1%), avec impotence fonctionnelle (87,1%). Les facteurs de risques de lâostĂ©onĂ©crose aseptique Ă©taient lâhĂ©moglobinopathie (38,7%), lâalcoolisme (35,4%), le surpoids/obĂ©sitĂ© (29,0%), les dyslipidĂ©mies (25,8%), la corticothĂ©rapie (16,1%), le tabagisme (16,1%), lâinfection Ă VIH (9,7%), les troubles de la statique et traumatismes (9,7%), lâhyperuricĂ©mie (9,7%), et la polyarthrite rhumatoĂŻde (3,2%). Il sâagissait dâostĂ©onĂ©crose aseptique de la tĂȘte fĂ©morale (90,3%), du condyle fĂ©moral (6,45%), et de la tĂȘte humĂ©rale (3,2%). LâostĂ©onĂ©crose aseptique de la tĂȘte fĂ©morale Ă©tait surtout classĂ©e stade III (32,3%) et IV (38,7%) selon Arlet et Ficat. Conclusion : LâostĂ©onĂ©crose aseptique nâest pas rare en milieu rhumatologique Ă Abidjan. La tĂȘte fĂ©morale est la plus touchĂ©e et les facteurs de risque les plus frĂ©quents sont lâhĂ©moglobinopathie, lâalcoolisme, le surpoids/obĂ©sitĂ©, et les dyslipidĂ©mies.
Objective: To study the epidemiologic and diagnostic characteristics of aseptic osteonecrosis in a black population in sub-Saharan Africa. Patients and Methods: Retrospective, descriptive study over 11 years (January 2001 to December 2011) of patients seen for aseptic osteonecrosis in rheumatology in Abidjan, CĂŽte d'Ivoire. Results: Out of 3592 patients seen in rheumatological pratice, 31 (0.86%) had aseptic osteonecrosis (mean annual incidence of 2.58 cases). The mean age of the patients, 10 men and 21 women, was 40.16+/-13.39 years (extremes: 19 - 75 years). The mean diagnostic delay was 9.4+/- 9.1 months (extremes: 1 - 36 months). The patients consulted mainly for severe pain with progressive onset (77.4%), chronic evolution (87.1%), with functional impotence (87.1%). The risk factors of aseptic osteonecrosis were hemoglobinopathy (38.7%), alcoholism (35.4%), overweight/obesity (29.0%), dyslipidemia (25.8%), corticosteroid therapy (16.1%), smoking (16.1%), HIV infection (9.7%), static disorders and trauma (9.7%), hyperuricemia (9.7%), and rheumatoid arthritis (3.2%). These were aseptic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (90.3%), femoral condyle (6.45%), and humeral head (3.2%). aseptic osteonecrosis of the femoral head was mostly classified as stage III (32.3%) and IV (38.7%) according to Arlet and Ficat. Conclusion: Aseptic osteonecrosis is not uncommon in rheumatology settings in Abidjan. The femoral head is the most affected and the most frequent risk factors are hemoglobinopathy, alcoholism, overweight/obesity, and dyslipidemia
Aspects ĂpidĂ©miologiques et Cliniques des OstĂ©onĂ©croses Aseptiques Ă Abidjan
Objectif : Etudier les caractĂ©ristiques Ă©pidĂ©miologiques et diagnostiques des ostĂ©onĂ©croses aseptiques chez une population noire dâAfrique sub-saharienne. Patients et mĂ©thodes : Etude rĂ©trospective descriptive sur 11 ans (Janvier 2001 Ă DĂ©cembre 2011) portant sur les patients vus pour une ostĂ©onĂ©crose aseptique en rhumatologie Ă Abidjan en CĂŽte dâIvoire. RĂ©sultats : Sur 3592 patients vus pour une affection rhumatologique, 31 (0,86%) avaient une ostĂ©onĂ©crose aseptique. LâĂąge moyen des patients Ă©tait de 40,2+/-13,4 ans (extrĂȘmes : 19 - 75 ans). Le dĂ©lai diagnostique moyen Ă©tait de 9,4 mois +/- 9,1 (extrĂȘmes : 1 - 36 mois). Le motif de consultation le plus frĂ©quent Ă©tait la douleur (100%) suivie de lâimpotence fonctionnelle (87,1%). Le dĂ©but Ă©tait progressif dans 77,4% des cas et lâĂ©volution des signes Ă©tait chronique chez 87,1% des patients. Les facteurs de risques de lâostĂ©onĂ©crose aseptique Ă©taient lâhĂ©moglobinopathie (38,7%), lâalcoolisme (35,4%), le surpoids/obĂ©sitĂ© (29,0%), les dyslipidĂ©mies (25,8%), la corticothĂ©rapie (16,1%), le tabagisme (16,1%), lâinfection Ă VIH (9,7%), les troubles de la statique et traumatismes (9,7%), lâhyperuricĂ©mie (9,7%), et la polyarthrite rhumatoĂŻde (3,2%). Il sâagissait dâostĂ©onĂ©crose aseptique de la tĂȘte fĂ©morale (90,3%), du condyle fĂ©moral (6,45%), et de la tĂȘte humĂ©rale (3,2%). LâostĂ©onĂ©crose aseptique de la tĂȘte fĂ©morale Ă©tait surtout classĂ©e stade III (32,3%) et IV (38,7%) selon Arlet et Ficat. Conclusion : LâostĂ©onĂ©crose aseptique nâest pas rare en consultation rhumatologique Ă Abidjan. La tĂȘte fĂ©morale est la plus touchĂ©e et les facteurs de risque les plus frĂ©quents sont lâhĂ©moglobinopathie, lâalcoolisme, le surpoids/obĂ©sitĂ©, et les dyslipidĂ©mies.
Objective: To study the epidemiologic and diagnostic characteristics of aseptic osteonecrosis in a black population in sub-Saharan Africa. Patients and Methods: Retrospective, descriptive study over 11 years (January 2001 to December 2011) of patients seen for aseptic osteonecrosis in rheumatology in Abidjan, CĂŽte d'Ivoire. Results: Of 3592 patients seen for rheumatologic conditions, 31 (0.86%) had aseptic osteonecrosis. The mean age of the patients was 40.2+/-13.4 years (range, 19 - 75 years). The mean diagnostic delay was 9.4 months +/- 9.1 (range: 1 - 36 months). The most frequent reasons for consultation were pain (100%) and functional impotence (87.1%). The onset was progressive in 77.4% of cases and the evolution of the signs was chronic in 87.1% of patients. The risk factors of aseptic osteonecrosis were hemoglobinopathy (38.7%), alcoholism (35.4%), overweight/obesity (29.0%), dyslipidemia (25.8%), corticosteroid therapy (16.1%), smoking (16.1%), HIV infection (9.7%), static disorders and trauma (9.7%), hyperuricemia (9.7%), and rheumatoid arthritis (3.2%). These were aseptic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (90.3%), femoral condyle (6.45%), and humeral head (3.2%). Aseptic osteonecrosis of the femoral head was mostly classified as stage III (32.3%) and IV (38.7%) according to Arlet and Ficat. Conclusion: Aseptic osteonecrosis is not uncommon in rheumatology consultations in Abidjan. The femoral head is the most affected and the most frequent risk factors are hemoglobinopathy, alcoholism, overweight/obesity, and dyslipidemia
Associative polynomial functions over bounded distributive lattices
The associativity property, usually defined for binary functions, can be
generalized to functions of a given fixed arity n>=1 as well as to functions of
multiple arities. In this paper, we investigate these two generalizations in
the case of polynomial functions over bounded distributive lattices and present
explicit descriptions of the corresponding associative functions. We also show
that, in this case, both generalizations of associativity are essentially the
same.Comment: Final versio
Evaluation of functional arterial spin labeling data using a perfusion template
International audiencepas de résum
CaractĂ©ristiques EpidĂ©miologiques et Cliniques des Cervicalgies non Traumatiques en Consultation Rhumatologique dans la Ville de BouakĂ©, CĂŽte dâivoire
Objectif : Etudier les caractĂ©ristiques Ă©pidĂ©miologiques et diagnostiques des cervicalgies non traumatiques chez une population noire dâAfrique sub-saharienne. Patients et mĂ©thodes : Etude rĂ©trospective descriptive sur une pĂ©riode de six ans, de Janvier 2014 Ă DĂ©cembre 2019 portant sur les patients vus pour une cervicalgie non traumatique en consultation de rhumatologie Ă BouakĂ© en CĂŽte dâIvoire. RĂ©sultats : Sur 4036 patients vus pour une affection rhumatologique, 130 avaient une cervicalgie non traumatique soit une frĂ©quence de 3,2%. LâĂąge moyen des patients Ă©tait de 54,03 ± 13,71 ans et le sex ratio de 0,8. Le groupe dâĂąge de 40 Ă 70 ans reprĂ©sentait 74,6 % des patients (97 cas). Les patients consultaient surtout pour une forte douleur Ă dĂ©but progressif (56,2%), dâĂ©volution chronique (63,9%), et une monoparĂ©sie brachiale Ă©tait observĂ©e dans quatre cas (3,1%). Il sâagissait surtout dâune cervicalgie isolĂ©e (63,1%), parfois associĂ©e Ă une nĂ©vralgie cervico-brachiale (9,2%), Ă une rachialgie dorsolombaire (18,5%) ou Ă une arthralgie pĂ©riphĂ©rique (9,2%). La radiographie standard (94,6%) Ă©tait lâimagerie la plus prescrite. Les diagnostics retenus Ă©taient la cervicalgie commune (87,7%), la polyarthrite rhumatoĂŻde (4,6%), le mal de Pott (3,1%), une mĂ©tastase de cancer de la prostate (1,5%), et le myĂ©lome multiple (3,1%). Soixante-douze patients (55,4%) avaient entrepris une automĂ©dication avant la consultation avec des anti-inflammatoires dans 43,1% des cas et des antibiotiques dans 4,2%. Conclusion : La cervicalgie non traumatique nâest pas rare en consultation rhumatologique Ă BouakĂ©. Elle touche surtout les patients entre 40 et 70 ans et les femmes sont les plus concernĂ©es. La cervicalgie commune est le diagnostic le plus frĂ©quent
Objective: To study the epidemiological and diagnostic features of non-traumatic neck pain in a black sub-Saharan African population. Patients and methods: Retrospective descriptive study over a six-year period, from January 2014 to December 2019 covering patients seen for non-traumatic neck pain in rheumatology consultation in Bouaké, CÎte d' Ivoire.Results: Of 4036 patients seen for a rheumatological condition, 130 had non-traumatic neck pain, a frequency of 3.2%. The mean age of patients was 54.03 ± 13.71 years, and the sex ratio was 0.8. The 40-70 age group accounted for 74.6% of patients (97 cases). Patients mainly consulted for severe pain with progressive onset (56.2%), chronic evolution (63.9%), and brachial monoparesis was observed in four cases (3.1%). The pain was mainly isolated cervicalgia (63.1%), sometimes associated with cervicobrachial neuralgia (9.2%), dorsolumbar spinalgia (18.5%) or peripheral arthralgia (9.2%). Standard radiography (94.6%) was the most frequently prescribed imaging technique. The most common diagnoses were common neck pain (87.7%), rheumatoid arthritis (4.6%), Pott's disease (3.1%), prostatic metastasis (1.5%), and multiple myeloma (3.1%). Seventy-two patients (55.4%) had undertaken self-medication prior to consultation, with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in 43.1% of cases and antibiotics in 4.2%. Conclusion: Non-traumatic neck pain is not uncommon in rheumatology consultations in Bouaké. It mainly affects patients between 40 and 70 years of age, and women are most affected. Common cervicalgia is the most frequent diagnosis
Aspects ĂpidĂ©miologiques et Cliniques des Cervicalgies non Traumatiques en Consultation de Rhumatologie Ă BouakĂ©
Objectif : Etudier les caractĂ©ristiques Ă©pidĂ©miologiques et diagnostiques des cervicalgies non traumatiques (CNT) chez une population noire dâAfrique sub-saharienne. Patients et mĂ©thodes : Etude rĂ©trospective descriptive sur une pĂ©riode de six ans, de Janvier 2014 Ă DĂ©cembre 2019 portant sur les patients vus pour une CNT en consultation de rhumatologie Ă BouakĂ© en CĂŽte dâ Ivoire. RĂ©sultats : Sur 4036 patients vus pour une affection rhumatologique, 130 avaient une CNT soit une frĂ©quence de 3,2%. LâĂąge moyen des patients Ă©tait de 54,03 ± 13,71 ans et le sex ratio de 0,8. Le groupe dâĂąge de 40 Ă 70 ans reprĂ©sentait 74,6 % des patients (97 cas). Les patients consultaient surtout pour une forte douleur Ă dĂ©but progressif (56,2%), dâĂ©volution chronique (63,9%), et une monoparĂ©sie brachiale Ă©tait observĂ©e dans quatre cas (3,1%). Il sâagissait surtout dâune cervicalgie isolĂ©e (63,1%), parfois associĂ©e Ă une nĂ©vralgie cervico-brachiale (9,2%), Ă une rachialgie dorsolombaire (18,5%) ou Ă une arthralgie pĂ©riphĂ©rique (9,2%). La radiographie standard (94,6%) Ă©tait lâimagerie la plus prescrite. Les diagnostics retenus Ă©taient la cervicalgie commune (87,7%), la polyarthrite rhumatoĂŻde (4,6%), le mal de Pott (3,1%), une mĂ©tastase de cancer de la prostate (1,5%), et le myĂ©lome multiple (3,1%). Soixante-douze patients (55,4%) avaient entrepris une automĂ©dication avant la consultation avec des anti-inflammatoires dans 43,1% des cas et des antibiotiques dans 4,2%. Conclusion : La CNT nâest pas rare en consultation rhumatologique Ă BouakĂ©. Elle touche surtout les patients entre 40 et 70 ans et les femmes sont les plus concernĂ©es. La cervicalgie commune est le diagnostic le plus frĂ©quent.
Objective: To study the epidemiological and diagnostic features of non-traumatic neck pain in a black sub-Saharan African population. Patients and methods: Retrospective descriptive study over a six-year period, from January 2014 to December 2019 covering patients seen for non-traumatic neck pain in rheumatology consultation in Bouaké, CÎte d' Ivoire. Results: Of 4036 patients seen for a rheumatological condition, 130 had non-traumatic neck pain, a frequency of 3.2%. The mean age of patients was 54.03 ± 13.71 years, and the sex ratio was 0.8. The 40-70 age group accounted for 74.6% of patients (97 cases). Patients mainly consulted for severe pain with progressive onset (56.2%), chronic evolution (63.9%), and brachial monoparesis was observed in four cases (3.1%). The pain was mainly isolated cervicalgia (63.1%), sometimes associated with cervicobrachial neuralgia (9.2%), dorsolumbar spinalgia (18.5%) or peripheral arthralgia (9.2%). Standard radiography (94.6%) was the most frequently prescribed imaging technique. The most common diagnoses were common neck pain (87.7%), rheumatoid arthritis (4.6%), Pott's disease (3.1%), prostatic metastasis (1.5%), and multiple myeloma (3.1%). Seventy-two patients (55.4%) had undertaken self-medication prior to consultation, with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in 43.1% of cases and antibiotics in 4.2%. Conclusion: Non-traumatic neck pain is not uncommon in rheumatology consultations in Bouaké. It mainly affects patients between 40 and 70 years of age, and women are most affected. Common cervicalgia is the most frequent diagnosis
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