Simultaneous mechanical-scan-free confocal microscopy and laser microsurgery

We demonstrate an endoscope-compatible single-fiber-based device that performs simultaneous confocal microscopy and high-precision laser microsurgery. The method is based on mapping of two-dimensional sample coordinates onto the optical spectrum and allows us to perform two-dimensional imaging and microsurgery without any mechanical movement of the probe or the sample. The technology holds promise for creating highly miniaturized endoscopes for applications such as brain tumor, pediatric, and endovascular surgeries where high-precision, small, and flexible probes are required. © 2009 Optical Society of America.published_or_final_versio

Evaluation of Various Interface Layer Models for Ultrasonic Inspection of Weak Bonds

Adhesively joined structures are increasingly used in industry. Effective nondestructive test techniques are therefore necessary for quality control and in service inspection of bonding conditions. Commonly encountered bonding problems can be classified into three types: debonding, cohesive weakness and adhesive weakness. The former two types can be detected by such traditional ultrasonic techniques as pulse echo, through transmission, C-scan, resonance etc. The last type is the most difficult due to physically ‘perfect ’ contact between adhesive and adherent. Several ultrasonic techniques using longitudinal, shear, plate and interface waves etc. have been considered for finding the most sensitive wave type and corresponding experimental parameters [1–8]. High sensitivity was obtained in several cases. To understand the characteristics of wave reflection and refraction on the bond line for evaluating the bonding quality, various boundary conditions and different physical models have been created [9–18]:</p