A COMPARISON OF MULTI-LOOP PI/PID CONTROLLER DESIGN WITH REDUCTION AND WITHOUT REDUCTION TECHNIQUE

Proportional, Integral and Derivative (PID) controller are most widely used controller in chemical process industries because of their simplicity, robustness and successful practical application. Many methods have been proposed for design of Multi-loop PI/PID controller for Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) process. In this paper we have compared two methods for two by two processes with time delays. One is model order reduction and other is without reduction. Performance index and robustness has been used as the criterion for comparison. Several commonly used simulation examples are included for demonstrating effectiveness of the proposed methods and the results obtained are comparatively same

EVALUATION OF IN VITRO CYTOTOXIC AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF HEPATOPROTECTIVE POLYHERBAL FORMULATION IN CELL LINE MODEL

Introduction: The use of natural products as anticancer agents has a long history that began with folklore medicine and through the years has been incorporated into traditional and allopathic medicine. Several drugs currently used are derived from medicinal plants. Objective: The main objective of this study is to investigate the cytotoxic potential of hepatoprotective polyherbal formulation in normal and cancer cell lines. Methods: A 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was utilized to screen the cytotoxic activity. Results: The results revealed that the formulation does not induce much mortality in normal liver and kidney cell lines, and LC50 value of liver cell lines was found 1716.355 μg/ml and kidney cell lines 2464.910 μg/ml. The in vitro anticancer activity was performed on liver, colon, and prostate cancer cell lines, and IC50 values are found 2.077, 3.850, and 11.989 μg/ml, respectively, which show excellent anticancer activity. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, the hepatoprotective polyherbal formulation is safe for normal cells and cytotoxic for cancer cells. Further, identification and quantification of phytoconstituents responsible for the activity are in progress

Isolation and characterization of extreme halophilic bacterium Salinicoccus sp. JAS4 producing extracellular hydrolytic enzymes

A extreme halophilic bacterium, strain JAS4 was isolated from the Arabal soil of west coast of Karnataka, India. The isolate is Gram positive, strictly aerobic, ferments several carbohydrates and has motile, coccoid shaped cells and non sporing, catalase- and oxidase- positive, that grew in presence of 2-25% (w/v) NaCl and at pH 6.5-11, with optimum growth at 10%(w/v) NaCl, with an optimum growth temperature of 340C, has potential to produce the extracellular enzymes such as Amylase, Protease, Inulinase and Gelatinase, but production of lipase was found to be negative. The phenotypic studies and genotypic analysis by 16S rRNA analysis showed that the bacterium belonged to the genera Salinicoccus of 98% BLAST sequence similarity and it is named as Salinicoccus sp. JAS4 and phylogenetic study was carried out using Mega5 software.  &nbsp

ESTIMATED DAILY INTAKE AND EXPOSURE OF SODIUM BENZOATE AND POTASSIUM SORBATE THROUGH FOOD PRODUCTS IN SCHOOL CHILDREN OF TIRUPATI, INDIA

Objective: According to Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) the preservatives, sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate belong to permitted class II preservatives. The aim of this study is to determine the concentration levels of these preservatives in food products that are consumed by school children and to assess the chronic dietary exposure by conducting the Total Diet Study (TDS).Methods: The quantitative determination was carried out by UV spectrophotometer. The absorbance for sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate were measured at 228 and 250 nm respectively. The 24-hour diet recall method was used to estimate the amount of food ate in last 24 hours. For estimation of preservative exposure dietary modelling techniques were utilized which combine the amount of preservative concentration present in that food with the amount of food consumed. Then the dietary exposure was assessed by considering the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI).Results: The results include chemical concentration levels of the foods analyzed as well as estimated dietary exposures and contributions to the exposure from different foods. The obtained mean concentration of sodium benzoate was found to be425 ppm for sauces, 161 ppm for pickles and 80 ppm for soft drinks. Potassium sorbate was found to be 130 ppm for fruit juices,302 ppm for jellies and 380 ppm for jams. The highest mean dietary exposure for both the preservatives was observed in children of 2-7 years age group, the percentage exposure of sodium benzoate was 33% of the ADI and potassium sorbate was 17 % of the ADI.Conclusion: This study can enlighten the public on the consumption of preservative containing food products within the limit and encourages to eating fresh preservative free foods.Â

Demonstration of Spatial Self Phase Modulation based photonic diode functionality in MoS2/h-BN medium

Spatial self-phase modulation (SSPM) is the optical nonlinear process and is a result of spatially varying refractive index profile along the line of propagation in a medium. SSPM is proved to be a method to demonstrate different photonic functionalities. Transition metal dichalcogenides play a key role in 2D nanophononics due to their unique and fascinating properties. MoS2 is the widely studied layered TMDs among all other 2D materials. This paper demonstrates such photonic functionality using thermally induced nonlinear optical response SSPM method, of MoS2 nano bottles. Thermally induced nonlinear optical parameters have been estimated by utilizing the saturable absorption response of h- BN, the nonreciprocal light propagation has been achieved. The diode actions have also been demonstrated in liquid-solid and solid-solid devices with the help of passive elements

Influence of Stefan blowing on nanofluid flow submerged in microorganisms with leading edge accretion or ablation

The unsteady forced convective boundary layer flow of viscous incompressible fluid containing both nanoparticles and gyrotactic microorganisms, from a flat surface with leading edge accretion (or ablation), is investigated theoretically. Utilizing appropriate similarity transformations for the velocity, temperature, nanoparticle volume fraction and motile microorganism density, the governing conservation equations are rendered into a system of coupled, nonlinear, similarity ordinary differential equations. These equations, subjected to imposed boundary conditions, are solved numerically using the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg fourth-fifth order numerical method in the MAPLE symbolic software. Good agreement between our computations and previous solutions is achieved. The effect of selected parameters on flow velocity, temperature, nano-particle volume fraction (concentration) and motile microorganism density function is investigated. Furthermore, tabular solutions are included for skin friction, wall heat transfer rate, nano-particle mass transfer rate and microorganism transfer rate. Applications of the study arise in advanced micro-flow devices to assess nanoparticle toxicity

Notes for genera: basal clades of Fungi (including Aphelidiomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomophthoromycota, Glomeromycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota)

Compared to the higher fungi (Dikarya), taxonomic and evolutionary studies on the basal clades of fungi are fewer in number. Thus, the generic boundaries and higher ranks in the basal clades of fungi are poorly known. Recent DNA based taxonomic studies have provided reliable and accurate information. It is therefore necessary to compile all available information since basal clades genera lack updated checklists or outlines. Recently, Tedersoo et al. (MycoKeys 13:1--20, 2016) accepted Aphelidiomycota and Rozellomycota in Fungal clade. Thus, we regard both these phyla as members in Kingdom Fungi. We accept 16 phyla in basal clades viz. Aphelidiomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomophthoromycota, Glomeromycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota. Thus, 611 genera in 153 families, 43 orders and 18 classes are provided with details of classification, synonyms, life modes, distribution, recent literature and genomic data. Moreover, Catenariaceae Couch is proposed to be conserved, Cladochytriales Mozl.-Standr. is emended and the family Nephridiophagaceae is introduced

Effect of Tool Angle on Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum Alloy 5052: Role of Sheet Thickness

The technique of friction stir welding (FSW) does offer several advantages over conventional welding techniques. In this paper is presented the results of an investigation aimed at understanding the effect of tool angle on welding of sheets of commercially pure aluminum and aluminum alloy AA5052-H32 having different thickness. The present study demonstrates the feasibility of using friction stir welding (FSW) for joining two different thickness sheets of commercially pure aluminum (t = 1.5 mm and t = 2.0) with sheets of aluminum alloy 5052-H32 having thickness of 1.6 mm and 2 mm. It was found that the tool angle does play a major role in the welding of sheets having different thickness. Formation of the FSW zone was analyzed both macroscopically and microscopically. The tensile properties of the joints were evaluated and correlated with the formation and presence of the FSW zone. From this study it was found that the tool angle for commercially pure aluminum having a thickness of 1.5 mm and 2.0 mm is 2.580. The tool angle is 1.910 for the sheets of AA 5052-H32 having a thickness of 1.6 mm and 2 mm. The joint efficiency of the friction stir welded AA 5052-H32 was 87.5 pct. when compared to the base material. The hardness was also observed to drop in the region of the weld. Key words: Friction stir welding, tool angle, aluminum alloy (AA5052-H32), Hardness, macrostructure, microstructure