Seleção De Genótipos De Tomateiro Para Processamento Com Alto Teor De Zingibereno Resistentes A Pragas

Tomato cultivars resistant to arthropod pests are an important tool to reduce the use of pesticides. Resistance sources can be found in wild Solanum species such as S. habrochaites, which shows high levels of zingiberene (ZGB). This study aimed to evaluate the resistance of a tomato F2 progeny to spider mite and whitefly by evaluating the ZGB content, in laboratory, in plants from the F2 population of the interspecific crossing Solanum lycopersicum cultivar Redenção x Solanum habrochaites var. hirsutum (PI-127826), F1 plants, susceptible plants (cultivar Redenção) and plants of the wild species (PI-127826). From the F2 population, six plants with high content and three with low content of ZGB were selected. For evaluating the impact of ZGB on the spider mite behavior, the distance walked by spider mites from a central point was measured on the selected plants and their parents. For whitefly, the number of eggs and nymphs were quantified. Spider mites travelled shorter distances in plants with high ZGB content. Also, the number of whitefly eggs and nymphs was lower in these plants. Higher ZBG contents affected negatively both the spider mite and the whitefly behavior. © 2016, Sociedade de Olericultura do Brasil. All rights reserved.34338739

Pegamento De Enxertos De Tomateiro Em Diferentes Solanáceas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)This paper aimed to assess tomato grafting on different solanaceous species through two grafting methods. Scions were cut from cultivar Santa Cruz Kada seedlings. A fully randomized experimental design was carried out with treatments in a 9 x 2 factorial scheme. As rootstocks, four accessions of mini-tomatoes (0224-53, RVTC 57, RVTC 20 and 6889-50 Solanum lycopersicum L); two species of wild tomato (Solanum habrochaites var hirsutum ‘PI-127826’ and Solanum pennellii ‘LA716’); other two tomato species [Solanum, cocona (Solanum sessiliflorum) and physalis (Physalis peruviana)] and a control with cultivar Santa Cruz Kada (auto-graft) rootstocks were used. In addition, two grafting methods were evaluated full cleft and approach graft. Fifteen days after grafting, plants were assessed for graft-take percentage; root length; plant height; leaf number; foliar area; root, stem and leaf dry matter; and ratio between shoot and root dry matter. Based on the results, we may state rootstock and grafting interaction had effect on both graft-take rate and plant development. Overall, the studied plants should be recommended as rootstock, except for 6889-50 mini-tomato (S. lycopersicum L.) and S. pennellii. Full cleft grafting was most suitable for cocona and physalis, while the approach method showed better results for the mini-tomato accessions 0224-53, RVTC 57 and RVTC 20, as well as for S. habrochaites. © 2016, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Arid. All rights reserved.302513520CAPES, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

heterose e capacidade combinatória de linhagens de tomateiro ricas em acilaçúcares Heterosis and combining ability of acylsugar-rich tomato lines

Com o presente trabalho, objetivou-se estimar a capacidade combinatória de linhagens de tomate ricas em acilaçúcares (AA) quando cruzadas com linhagens com baixo teor de acilaçúcares e estudar a expressão da heterose nos híbridos obtidos. O experimento foi realizado no campo da HortiAgro Sementes Ltda, localizada em Ijaci-MG. O material genético foi constituído de seis híbridos experimentais em esquema de dialelo parcial, constituído de três genitores masculinos (grupo I, com altos teores de acilaçúcares) e dois genitores femininos (grupo II, com baixos teores). Foram avaliadas as características: massa média de fruto (g fruto-1) e produção por hectare (t ha-1). As linhagens TOM-687 e TOM-688 (ricas em AA e resistentes a pragas) apresentaram estimativas positivas dos efeitos de capacidade geral de combinação, para massa média de frutos, e estimativas negativas, para produção, o que significa que elas contribuíram positivamente para aumento no tamanho do fruto, mas reduziram a produtividade dos híbridos. Já a linhagem TOM-689, ao contrário das duas anteriores, contribuiu para reduzir o tamanho do fruto, mas contribuiu para aumentar a produtividade dos híbridos. Os híbridos obtidos do cruzamento de linhagens com altos teores de acilaçúcares mostraram-se competitivas quando comparadas a híbridos comerciais encontrados no mercado. As melhores combinações híbridos foram obtidas quando as linhas com altos teores de acilaçúcares foram cruzadas com a linhagem elite TOM-684.<br>The objective of this work was to assess heterosis and combining ability of tomato lines with high acylsugar (AS) content (group I) and lines with low AS (group II) used to produce AS-rich tomato hybrids. The trial was carried out at the seed production station of the HortiAgro Sementes Ltda., at Ijaci-MG. The genetic material consisted of six experimental hybrids obtained from crosses between three male parents with high AS (group I) and two female parents with low AS (group II). Average fruit weight (g fruit-1) and total yield (t ha-1) were the traits assessed. The AS-rich pest-resistant lines TOM-687 and TOM-688 showed positive estimates of general combining ability for average fruit mass and negative for yield, increasing fruit size, and reducing the yield of the hybrids. Unlike the two previous lines, TOM-689 presented negative estimates for fruit mass and positive for fruit yield. The data showed that it is feasible to get competitive hybrids from lines with AS sugar content. The best hybrids were produced when these lines were crossed with TOM-684

Resistance of tomato plant genotypes with high foliar allelochemical contents to the leafminer Liriomyza trifolii

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to assess the resistance of tomato genotypes with high foliar levels of allelochemicals to the leafminer Liriomyza trifolii. Eight tomato genotypes with contrasting levels of three different alellochemicals were tested for leafminer resistance: the TOM-687 and TOM-688 lines, which are both rich in acylsugar; ZGB-703 and ZGB-704, which are rich in zingiberene; BPX-365G-899-07-04-02 and BPX-367E-238-02, which are rich in 2-tridecanone; and 2 standard commercial hybrids (Deborah Max and Bravo F1) with low-allelochemical content. Thirty days after being transplanted, nine potted plants of each of the treatments were transferred to a phytotron chamber, into which 1600 unsexed leafminer adults from a mass rearing were released. The number of mines and the percentage of leaves and leaflets attacked (= with the presence of punctures) were evaluated. Six days later, the number of pupae was recorded. The genotypes with high levels of acylsugar were associated with higher levels of resistance to leaf miner L. trifolii, through antixenosis and antibiosis mechanisms. At least one of the 2-tridecanone-rich lines (BPX -365G-899-07-04-02) showed some level of resistance via an antibiosis mechanism

Herança de acilaçúcares em genótipos de tomateiro provenientes de cruzamento interespecífico Inheritance of tomato leaflet acylsugar contents in genotypes derived from an interspecific cross

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a herança da produção de acilaçúcares em genótipos de tomateiro, em uma população segregante (F2) do terceiro retrocruzamento, para Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. 'TOM-584', a partir da espécie L. pennellii 'LA-716'. A determinação do teor de acilaçúcares foi realizada com metodologia para determinação de açúcares redutores. Os dados foram utilizados para verificação da herança monogênica, sob diferentes graus de dominância (GD) presumidos, por meio do teste qui-quadrado. Para verificar a existência de efeitos aditivos e não aditivos de um gene maior e de possíveis poligenes, utilizou-se o método da máxima verossimilhança. Para os diferentes GD testados, na faixa compreendida entre -0,7 e -0,4, a hipótese de herança monogênica não pôde ser descartada, o que indica a ação de alelo recessivo, com dominância incompleta na expressão de alto teor de acilaçúcares. Por meio de modelos genéticos pela função de verossimilhança, a hipótese de herança monogênica foi confirmada. Plantas de tomateiro, com boa resistência a artrópodos-praga, mediada pelo aleloquímico acilaçúcar, podem ser obtidas com eficiência em populações de retrocruzamentos, a partir do cruzamento interespecífico L. esculentum x L. pennellii.<br>The objective of this work was to determine the inheritance of acylsugar contents in tomato genotypes, from the F2 generation of the third backcross of L. esculentum Mill. 'TOM-584', after the original cross with the wild accession L. pennellii 'LA-716'. Acylsugar contents in tomato leaflets were measured according to a methodology for reducing sugars determination. The data obtained were evaluated with chi-square tests of monogenic hypotheses of inheritance, under different presumed degrees of dominance, and also under genetic models with the maximum likelihood function, in which presence of a major gene and possible polygenes with additive and non additive effects were tested. For the different presumed degrees of dominance (DD) tested in an array between -0.7 and -0.4, the hypotheses of monogenic inheritance could not be rejected, indicating that high acylsugar contents are controlled by a recessive allele in a locus with incomplete dominance. Genetic models tested under the maximum likelihood function also confirmed the hypothesis of monogenic inheritance. Tomato plants with adequate levels of acylsugar-mediated resistance to arthropod pests can be efficiently obtained in backcross populations, derived from the interspecific cross L. esculentum x L. pennellii