Wavelet Based Image Transmission Analysis For Wireless VOIP

The major focus of present work is to study the performance of data communication; mainly image over wireless VOIP by means of wavelet decomposition. QOS (Quality of Service) is a significant concern in networking, but it is also major problem for providing QOS after considering wireless and mobile networks complexities. In this work, Wavelet based Data (Image) communication model is presented where different wavelet decomposition levels are used and performance analysis of each wavelet based on decomposition level is analyzed on the basis of SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio), PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio), RMSE (Root Mean Square Error), PRSE (Percentage of Retained Signal Energy) and CR (Compression Ratio). For transmission Capabilities, Packet Loss and Delay are also calculated in the present work. From the simulation results, it is clear that the presented model for image transmission by utilizing wavelet decomposition over a wireless VOIP performs superior when using wavelets as compared to without using wavelets. Further, there results no echo in all the cases as the round trip delay is less than 50ms (ITU Recommendations) .The packet loss and Throughput is also within the range as recommended by ITU. In addition, ANOVA statistical tool has been applied to test the effectiveness of recorded data on 4 groups i.e. SNR, PRSE, CR and delay

The melon fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae: A review of its biology and management

The melon fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is distributed widely in temperate, tropical, and sub-tropical regions of the world. It has been reported to damage 81 host plants and is a major pest of cucurbitaceous vegetables, particularly the bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), muskmelon (Cucumis melo), snap melon (C. melo var. momordica), and snake gourd (Trichosanthes anguina). The extent of losses vary between 30 to 100%, depending on the cucurbit species and the season. Its abundance increases when the temperatures fall below 32° C, and the relative humidity ranges between 60 to 70%. It prefers to infest young, green, soft-skinned fruits. It inserts the eggs 2 to 4 mm deep in the fruit tissues, and the maggots feed inside the fruit. Pupation occurs in the soil at 0.5 to 15 cm below the soil surface. Keeping in view the importance of the pest and crop, melon fruit fly management could be done using local area management and wide area management. The melon fruit fly can successfully be managed over a local area by bagging fruits, field sanitation, protein baits, cue-lure traps, growing fruit fly-resistant genotypes, augmentation of biocontrol agents, and soft insecticides. The wide area management program involves the coordination of different characteristics of an insect eradication program (including local area options) over an entire area within a defensible perimeter, and subsequently protected against reinvasion by quarantine controls. Although, the sterile insect technique has been successfully used in wide area approaches, this approach needs to use more sophisticated and powerful technologies in eradication programs such as insect transgenesis and geographical information systems, which could be deployed over a wide area. Various other options for the management of fruit fly are also discussed in relation to their bio-efficacy and economics for effective management of this pest

The Extended Coupled Cluster Treatment of Correlations in Quantum Magnets

The spin-half XXZ model on the linear chain and the square lattice are examined with the extended coupled cluster method (ECCM) of quantum many-body theory. We are able to describe both the Ising-Heisenberg phase and the XY-Heisenberg phase, starting from known wave functions in the Ising limit and at the phase transition point between the XY-Heisenberg and ferromagnetic phases, respectively, and by systematically incorporating correlations on top of them. The ECCM yields good numerical results via a diagrammatic approach, which makes the numerical implementation of higher-order truncation schemes feasible. In particular, the best non-extrapolated coupled cluster result for the sublattice magnetization is obtained, which indicates the employment of an improved wave function. Furthermore, the ECCM finds the expected qualitatively different behaviours of the linear chain and the square lattice cases.Comment: 22 pages, 3 tables, and 15 figure