Nutritional value of the proteins of soybeans roasted at a small-scale unit level in Africa as assessed using growing rats

La prolongation de 15 min (RSF15) à 25 min (RSF25) du temps de torréfaction à 100°C des graines de soja entraîne une diminution importante de l'activité antitrypsique et de l'immunoréactivité des globulines de réserve, mais ne semble pas modifier notablement les teneurs en acides aminés indispensables des protéines. Utilisées comme seules sources de protéines dans la ration équilibrée du rat en croissance, ces farines ont été comparées à la caséine dans un essai in vivo où l'ingéré du groupe témoin caséine avait été ajusté à celui des groupes RSF. Traitée selon la procédure en vigueur dans les ateliers (RSF15), la farine de soja a induit une hypertrophie significative du pancréas. La prolongation du temps de torréfaction des graines de soja jusqu'à 25 min a permis d'améliorer considérablement la valeur nutritionnelle des protéines de soja, sans dommage apparent pour les niveaux des pools d'acides aminés libres circulants et tissulaires. Les résultats ont aussi montré que les tissus de l'intestin grêle et du gros intestin du jeune rat sont sensibles à l'hyperactivité de la microflore intestinale ainsi que, peut-être, à l'activité résiduelle de certains facteurs anti-nutritionnels. (Résumé d'auteur

The effect of dietary protein and fermentable carbohydrates levels on growth performance and intestinal characteristics in newly weaned piglets

Reducing the CP content and increasing the fermentable carbohydrates (FC) content of the diet may counteract the negative effects of protein fermentation in newly weaned piglets fed high-CP diets. To study the synergistic effects of CP and FC on gut health and its consequences for growth performance, 272 newly weaned piglets (26 d of age, 8.7 kg of BW) were allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, with low and high CP and low and high FC content as the factors. Eight piglets from each dietary treatment were killed on d 7 postweaning. Feces and digesta from ileum and colon were collected to determine nutrient digestibility, fermentation products, and microbial counts. In addition, jejunum tissues samples were collected for intestinal morphology and enzyme activity determination. During the entire 4-wk period, interactions between the dietary CP and FC contents were found for ADFI (P = 0.022), ADG (P = 0.001), and G:F (P = 0.033). The high-FC content reduced ADFI, ADG, and G:F in the low-CP diet, whereas the FC content did not affect growth performance in the high-CP diet. Lowering the CP content of the low-FC diet improved ADFI and ADG, whereas lowering the CP content of the high-FC diet did not influence growth performance. The low-CP diets resulted in a lower concentration of ammonia in the small intestine (P = 0.003), indicating reduced protein fermentation. In the small intestine, the high FC content increased the number of lactobacilli (P = 0.047), tended to decrease the number of coliforms (P = 0.063), tended to increase the lactic acid content (P = 0.080), and reduced the concentration of ammonia (P = 0.049). In the colon, the high-FC diets increased the concentration of total VFA (P = 0.009), acetic acid (P = 0.003), and butyric acid (P = 0.018), and tended to decrease the ammonia concentration (P = 0.076). Intestinal morphology and activity of brush border enzymes were not affected by the diet, although maltase activity tended to decrease with increasing dietary FC (P = 0.061). We concluded that an increase in the dietary FC content, and to a lesser extent a decrease in the CP content, reduced ammonia concentrations and altered the microflora and fermentation patterns in the gastrointestinal tract of weaned piglets. However, these effects were not necessarily reflected by an increased growth performance of the piglet

Dietary protein and fermentable carbohydrates contents influence growth performance and intestinal characteristics in newly weaned pigs

Increasing the dietary amount of fermentable carbohydrates (FC) may counteract the negative effects of protein fermentation in newly weaned piglets. To study this hypothesis, 272 newly weaned piglets were allotted to 4 dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with low and high FC (7.5 and 13.5%) and crude protein (CP, 15 and 22%) content as respective factors. Intestinal histology, enzyme activity, microbiota and fermentation products were determined in 8 pigs per treatment 7 days post-weaning. In the 4 wk experimental period, interactions between dietary CP and FC content were found for feed intake (P = 0.022), daily gain (P = 0.001), and gain:feed (P = 0.033). The high-FC content reduced daily gain by 50 g/d in the low-CP diet, whereas the FC content did not affect growth performance in the high-CP diet. Over the 4 wk experimental period, daily gain (350 g/d) and feed intake (519 g/d) were highest for piglets on the low-CP low-FC diet. The high-FC content resulted in an increase in number of lactobacilli (P = 0.047) and a decrease of total coliforms (P = 0.06) in the small intestine. It increased the lactic acid content (P = 0.08) and reduced the ammonia content (P = 0.04) in the small intestine and increased the VFA content in the colon (P = 0.009). The reduction in CP content reduced ammonia concentration in the small intestine (P = 0.003). We concluded that dietary FC influenced microbial population and fermentation products in the gut. However, this was not reflected in an increased growth performance

The effect of dietary protein and fermentable carbohydrates levels on growth performance and intestinal characteristics in newly weaned piglets

Reducing the CP content and increasing the fermentable carbohydrates (FC) content of the diet may counteract the negative effects of protein fermentation in newly weaned piglets fed high-CP diets. To study the synergistic effects of CP and FC on gut health and its consequences for growth performance, 272 newly weaned piglets (26 d of age, 8.7 kg of BW) were allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, with low and high CP and low and high FC content as the factors. Eight piglets from each dietary treatment were killed on d 7 postweaning. Feces and digesta from ileum and colon were collected to determine nutrient digestibility, fermentation products, and microbial counts. In addition, jejunum tissues samples were collected for intestinal morphology and enzyme activity determination. During the entire 4-wk period, interactions between the dietary CP and FC contents were found for ADFI (P = 0.022), ADG (P = 0.001), and G:F (P = 0.033). The high-FC content reduced ADFI, ADG, and G:F in the low-CP diet, whereas the FC content did not affect growth performance in the high-CP diet. Lowering the CP content of the low-FC diet improved ADFI and ADG, whereas lowering the CP content of the high-FC diet did not influence growth performance. The low-CP diets resulted in a lower concentration of ammonia in the small intestine (P = 0.003), indicating reduced protein fermentation. In the small intestine, the high FC content increased the number of lactobacilli (P = 0.047), tended to decrease the number of coliforms (P = 0.063), tended to increase the lactic acid content (P = 0.080), and reduced the concentration of ammonia (P = 0.049). In the colon, the high-FC diets increased the concentration of total VFA (P = 0.009), acetic acid (P = 0.003), and butyric acid (P = 0.018), and tended to decrease the ammonia concentration (P = 0.076). Intestinal morphology and activity of brush border enzymes were not affected by the diet, although maltase activity tended to decrease with increasing dietary FC (P = 0.061). We concluded that an increase in the dietary FC content, and to a lesser extent a decrease in the CP content, reduced ammonia concentrations and altered the microflora and fermentation patterns in the gastrointestinal tract of weaned piglets. However, these effects were not necessarily reflected by an increased growth performance of the piglet

Digestion des protéines de pois et de soja chez le veau préruminant. I. Taux circulants de nutriments, formation d'anticorps et perméabilité intestinale aux macromolécules

International audienc

Alimentação de bezerros ruminantes com dieta líquida, via goteira esofageana: parâmetros ruminais Ruminant calves feeding with liquid diet, through esophageal groove: ruminal parameters

Efeitos de fornecer proteína texturizada de soja (PTS) na forma líquida, via goteira esofágica, ou na forma sólida, via concentrados, foram estudados em um delineamento quadrado latino 4 x 4, empregando quatro novilhos Holandeses providos de cânulas ruminais, pesando cerca de 100 kg cada, no início do experimento. Os tratamentos consistiram de níveis crescentes de PTS na forma líquida (0, 33, 66 e 100%), oferecidos em mamadeiras, e níveis decrescentes de misturas concentradas, mantendo-se a mesma quantidade de nitrogênio em todas as dietas. Os subperíodos experimentais foram de 21 dias, sendo os primeiros 16 de adaptação às rações (feno de Cynodon dactilon, mistura concentrada e alimento líquido). Ensaio de digestibilidade in situ foi executado do dia 17 ao 20, sendo os tempos de incubação de 0, 1,5, 3, 6, 12, 24 e 48 horas, para o farelo de soja e PTS, e 0, 6, 12, 24, 48h, 72 e 96 horas para o feno. Foram tomadas amostras de conteúdo ruminal para análise de volume e taxa de passagem de líquidos, e pH, no dia 21 às 0, 1, 3, 6, 12 e 24 horas. No dia 20, conteúdos ruminais foram coletados para análise de ácidos graxos voláteis (AGV) e N amoniacal às 0, 2, 4, 5 e 6h após a primeira alimentação do dia. Foi observado aumento na taxa de passagem e turnover líquido com a diminuição do suplemento protéico na forma líquida. Não ocorreram efeitos da forma de alimentação nas concentrações dos totais de AGV ou nas suas porcentagens molares individuais, do mesmo modo que o pH não foi afetado. Não houve efeitos da forma de alimentação sobre a degradabilidade in situ da proteína e da matéria seca do farelo de soja e PTS, tampouco efeitos sobre a degradabilidade da matéria seca e fibra em detergente neutro do feno.<br>Effects of feeding textured soy protein (TSP), in liquid form throught esophageal groove, or solid form throught concentrate meal, were studied in a 4 x 4 Latin-square change-over design, using four Holstein steers fitted with ruminal cannulas, averaging 100 kg live weight at the beginning of trial. Treatments consisted of increasing TSP levels in liquid form (0, 33, 66 and 100%) offered through nipple-pail, and decreasing levels in concentrate meal to keep the same amout of nitrogen in all diets. Twenty-one days sub periods were used, the first sexteen for diet adaptation (Cynodon dactilon hay, concentrate mixture and liquid feed). In situ degradability assay was runned from day 17 to 20, and incubation times were 0, 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48hours for soybean meal and TSP, and 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours for coastcross hay. Ruminal contents colections to analize liquid volume, passage rate, and pH were made at twentieth first day at 0h, 1h, 3h, 6h, 12h, and 24h. On twentieth day ruminal contents were colected to analyze volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia nitrogen at 0, 2h, 3h, 4h, 5h and 6h after first feed. An increase in passage rate and ruminal turnover was observed as the liquid suplement protein amount decreased. There were no effects of feeding form in the total VFA concentrations or its individual molar percentages; also ruminal pH was not affected. There were no effects of feeding form upon in situ degradability of soybean meal and TSP dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP), as well as there were no effects in the degradability of Coast-Cross hay DM and neutral detergent fiber (NDF)