28 research outputs found

    Domestication of American wild rice (Zizania aquatica L., Gramineae)

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    Largement distribuĂ© dans le Nord et l'Est de l'AmĂ©rique du Nord tempĂ©rĂ©e, l'espĂšce Zizania aquatica L. comprend quatre variĂ©tĂ©s dont les caractĂ©ristiques et la distribution sont donnĂ©es. La variĂ©tĂ© angustifolia est la plus communĂ©ment rĂ©coltĂ©e dans le Nord (New Brunswick, Manitoba et parties proches des États Unis). Une race amĂ©liorĂ©e est cultivĂ©e et la perte de grains Ă  maturitĂ© est bien moindre que celle des «races sauvages». Le semis est cependant naturellement assurĂ© par les grains tombĂ©s lors du passage de la moissonneuse.de Wet J.M.J., Oelke Ervin A. Domestication of American wild rice (Zizania aquatica L., Gramineae). In: Journal d'agriculture traditionnelle et de botanique appliquĂ©e, 25ᔉ annĂ©e, bulletin n°2, Avril-juin 1978. pp. 67-84

    Origins and evolution of foxtail millets (Setaria italica)

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    Foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.) is widely grown as a minor cereal across Eurasia. Primitive kinds, belonging to race moharia are cultivated in southeastern Europe, parts of the Near East, and particularly in Afghanistan. They resemble with S. italica subsp. viridis (L.) Thellung (green foxtail) in respect to inflorescence morphology, and hybrids between wild and cultivated kinds are fully fertile. Derivatives from such natural hybridization gave rise to the robust weed of Eurasia and temperate North American commonly known as giant green foxtail. The highly modified race maxima is an important cereal in Central Asia and the Far East. Foxtail millets have been grown in Europe since the third millennium B.C. and in China since the fifth millennium B.C. It seems unlikely that the crop was domesticated in China and introduced into Europe. No other Far Eastern crop reached Europe during prehistoric times. Similarly, the cereal could not have been introduced from Europe into China as a domesticated crop. Wild foxtail millet occurs across Eurasia, is commonly harvested as a cereal, and could have been taken into cultivation at several places. In Europe, this cereal is found, in an archaeological context, in association with Near Eastern crops.SynthĂšse des connaissances actuelles sur la botanique et les origines du millet Setaria italica.de Wet J.M.J., Oestry-Stidd L.L., Cubero J.I. Origins and evolution of foxtail millets (Setaria italica). In: Journal d'agriculture traditionnelle et de botanique appliquĂ©e, 26ᔉ annĂ©e, bulletin n°1, Janvier-mars 1979. pp. 53-64

    Systematics and domestication of Panicum sumatrense (Graminae)

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    Panicum sumatrense Roth. ex Roem. & Schult. (Indian millet, sama) is widely cultivated as a cereal across India, Nepal and western Burma. It is particularly important in the Eastern Ghats of India, where it forms an important part of tribal agriculture. The species is divided into P. sumatrense subsp. sumatrense to include cultivated sama, and subsp. psilopodium (Trin.) de Wet comb. nov. to include the wild progenitor of sama. These two subspecies cross where they are sympatric to produce fertile hybrids, derivatives of which are often weedy in sama fields. Two races of cultivated sama are recognized. Race nana includes plants with decumbent to almost prostrate culms that become erect at time of flowering. Inflorescences are large and open with the upper branches sometimes clumped and curved at time of maturity. Race robusta includes erect plants with large, strongly branched, open or compact inflorescences. This race is grown in northwestern Andhra Pradesh and adjacent Orissa of India where it crosses with race nana.Le Panicum sunwtrense est une cĂ©rĂ©ale trĂšs cultivĂ©e en Inde, au NĂ©pal et en Birmanie occidentale. 11 est spĂ©cialement important dans la rĂ©gion des Ghat orientaux, en Inde, oĂč il occupe une place considĂ©rable dans l'agriculture tribale. Cette espĂšce est divisĂ©e en deux sous-espĂšces, le P. sumatrense subsp. sumatrense qui inclut le « sama » cultivĂ© et la sous-espĂšce P. psilopodium (Trin.) de Wet comb. nov. qui inclut l'ancĂȘtre sauvage du « sama ». Ces deux sous-espĂšces se croisent quand elles sont sympatriques pour donner des hybrides fertiles dont les dĂ©rivĂ©s deviennent souvent les mauvaises herbes des champs de « sama ». On reconnait deux races de « sama » cultivĂ©es. La race « nana » comprend les plantes Ă  stipes presque couchĂ©s qui se dressent lors de la floraison. Les inflorescences sont longues et ouvertes avec les branches supĂ©rieures parfois en touffe et recourbĂ©es lors de la maturitĂ©. La race « robusta » comprend des plantes dressĂ©es avec des branches longues et fortes et des inflorescences ouvertes et compactes. Cette race est cultivĂ©e dans le nord-ouest de l'Andhra Pradesh et dans l'Orissa, Ă©tat voisin, oĂč il se croise avec la race « nana ».de Wet J.M.J., Prasada Rao K.E., Brink D.E. Systematics and domestication of Panicum sumatrense (Graminae). In: Journal d'agriculture traditionnelle et de botanique appliquĂ©e, 30ᔉ annĂ©e, bulletin n°2, Avril-juin 1983. pp. 159-168
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