1 research outputs found
Collision statistics of driven granular materials
We present an experimental investigation of the statistical properties of
spherical granular particles on an inclined plane that are excited by an
oscillating side-wall. The data is obtained by high-speed imaging and particle
tracking techniques. We identify all particles in the system and link their
positions to form trajectories over long times. Thus, we identify particle
collisions to measure the effective coefficient of restitution and find a broad
distribution of values for the same impact angles. We find that the energy
inelasticity can take on values greater than one, which implies that the
rotational degrees play an important role in energy transfer. We also measure
the distance and the time between collision events in order to directly
determine the distribution of path lengths and the free times. These
distributions are shown to deviate from expected theoretical forms for elastic
spheres, demonstrating the inherent clustering in this system. We describe the
data with a two-parameter fitting function and use it to calculated the mean
free path and collision time. We find that the ratio of these values is
consistent with the average velocity. The velocity distribution are observed to
be strongly non-Gaussian and do not demonstrate any apparent universal
behavior. We report the scaling of the second moment, which corresponds to the
granular temperature, and higher order moments as a function of distance from
the driving wall. Additionally, we measure long time correlation functions in
both space and in the velocities to probe diffusion in a dissipative gas.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures, uses revtex