417 research outputs found
Biased Average Position Estimates in Line and Bar Graphs:Underestimation, Overestimation, and Perceptual Pull
In visual depictions of data, position (i.e., the vertical height of a line
or a bar) is believed to be the most precise way to encode information compared
to other encodings (e.g., hue). Not only are other encodings less precise than
position, but they can also be prone to systematic biases (e.g., color category
boundaries can distort perceived differences between hues). By comparison,
position's high level of precision may seem to protect it from such biases. In
contrast, across three empirical studies, we show that while position may be a
precise form of data encoding, it can also produce systematic biases in how
values are visually encoded, at least for reports of average position across a
short delay. In displays with a single line or a single set of bars, reports of
average positions were significantly biased, such that line positions were
underestimated and bar positions were overestimated. In displays with multiple
data series (i.e., multiple lines and/or sets of bars), this systematic bias
still persisted. We also observed an effect of "perceptual pull", where the
average position estimate for each series was 'pulled' toward the other. These
findings suggest that, although position may still be the most precise form of
visual data encoding, it can also be systematically biased
Long-Read Assembly and Annotation of the Parasitoid Wasp <i>Muscidifurax raptorellus</i>, a Biological Control Agent for Filth Flies
The parasitoid wasp Muscidifurax raptorellus (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) is a gregarious species that has received extensive attention for its potential in biological pest control against house fly, stable fly, and other filth flies. It has a high reproductive capacity and can be reared easily. However, genome assembly is not available for M. raptorellus or any other species in this genus. Previously, we assembled a complete circular mitochondrial genome with a length of 24,717 bp. Here, we assembled and annotated a high-quality nuclear genome of M. raptorellus, using a combination of long-read (104Ă genome coverage) and short-read (326Ă genome coverage) sequencing technologies. The assembled genome size is 314 Mbp in 226 contigs, with a 97.9% BUSCO completeness score and a contig N50 of 4.67 Mb, suggesting excellent continuity of this assembly. Our assembly builds the foundation for comparative and evolutionary genomic analysis in the genus of Muscidifurax and possible future biocontrol applications
Recognizing basal cell carcinoma on smartphoneâcaptured digital histopathology images with a deep neural network
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154530/1/bjd18026.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154530/2/bjd18026_am.pd
The effect of applied electric field on pulsed radio frequency and pulsed direct current plasma jet array
Here we compare the plasma plume propagation characteristics of a 3-channel pulsed RF plasma jet array and those of the same device operated by a pulsed dc source. For the pulsed-RF jet array, numerous long life time ions and metastables accumulated in the plasma channel make the plasma plume respond quickly to applied electric field. Its structure similar as âplasma bulletâ is an anode glow indeed. For the pulsed dcplasma jet array, the strong electric field in the vicinity of the tube is the reason for the growing plasma bullet in the launching period. The repulsive forces between the growing plasma bullets result in the divergence of the pulsed dcplasma jet array. Finally, the comparison of 309ânm and 777ânm emissions between these two jet arrays suggests the high chemical activity of pulsed RF plasma jet array
Pion-Production in Heavy-Ion Collisions at SIS energies
We investigate the production of pions in heavy-ion collisions in the energy
range of - GeV/A. The dynamics of the nucleus-nucleus collisions is
described by a set of coupled transport equations of the
Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck type for baryons and mesons. Besides the
and the we also take into account nucleon resonances up to
masses of as well as -, - and -mesons. We study
in detail the influence of the higher baryonic resonances and the
-production channels () on the pion spectra in
comparison to data from collisions at GeV/A and
-data for at 1.0 GeV/A. We, furthermore, present a detailed
comparison of differential pion angular distributions with the BEVALAC data for
Ar + KCl at 1.8 GeV/A. The general agreement obtained indicates that the
overall reactions dynamics is well described by our novel transport approach.Comment: 31 pages, 18 figures (inlcuded), to appear in Z. Phys.
Energy levels and far-infrared spectroscopy for two electrons in a semiconductor nanoring
The effects of electron-electron interaction of a two-electron nanoring on
the energy levels and far-infrared (FIR) spectroscopy have been investigated
based on a model calculation which is performed within the exactly numerical
diagonalization. It is found that the interaction changes the energy spectra
dramatically, and also shows significant influence on the FIR spectroscopy. The
crossings between the lowest spin-singlet and triplet states induced by the
coulomb interaction are clearly revealed. Our results are related to the
experiment recently carried out by A. Lorke et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 2223
(2000)].Comment: 17 pages, 6 figures, revised and accepted by Phys. Rev. B (Dec. 15
The novel transcriptional regulator SczA mediates protection against Zn2+ stress by activation of the Zn2+-resistance gene czcD in Streptococcus pneumoniae
Maintenance of the intracellular homeostasis of metal ions is important for the virulence of many bacterial pathogens. Here, we demonstrate that the czcD gene of the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae is involved in resistance against Zn2+, and that its transcription is induced by the transition-metal ions Zn2+, Co2+ and Ni2+. Upstream of czcD a gene was identified, encoding a novel TetR family regulator, SczA, that is responsible for the metal ion-dependent activation of czcD expression. Transcriptome analyses revealed that in a sczA mutant expression of czcD, a gene encoding a MerR-family transcriptional regulator and a gene encoding a zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase (adhB) were downregulated. Activation of the czcD promoter by SczA is shown to proceed by Zn2+-dependent binding of SczA to a conserved DNA motif. In the absence of Zn2+, SczA binds to a second site in the czcD promoter, thereby fully blocking czcD expression. This is the first example of a metalloregulatory protein belonging to the TetR family that has been described. The presence in S. pneumoniae of the Zn2+-resistance system characterized in this study might reflect the need for adjustment to a fluctuating Zn2+ pool encountered by this pathogen during infection of the human body
Photoproduction in Scattering
We investigate the + c + photoproduction in
collision at the LEP II energy. The physical motivations for this study are: 1)
such next-to-leading order(NLO) process was not considered in previous
investigations of photoproduction in interaction, and it is
worthwhile to do so in order to make sound predictions for experimental
comparison; 2) from recent Belle experiment results, the process with same
final states at the factory has a theoretically yet unexplainable large
fraction; hence it is interesting to see what may happen at other colliders; 3)
the existing LEP data are marginal in observing such process, and at the planed
Linear Colliders(LCs) this process can be measured with high accuracy; 4) it is
necessary to take this process into consideration in the aim of elucidating the
quarkonium production mechanism, especially in testing the universality of
NRQCD nonperturbative matrix elements via photoproduction in
electron-position collisions.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figure
Hole-doping dependence of percolative phase separation in Pr_(0.5-delta)Ca_(0.2+delta)Sr_(0.3)MnO_(3) around half doping
We address the problem of the percolative phase separation in polycrystalline
samples of PrCaSrMnO for (hole doping between 0.46 and 0.54). We perform
measurements of X-ray diffraction, dc magnetization, ESR, and electrical
resistivity. These samples show at a paramagnetic (PM) to ferromagnetic
(FM) transition, however, we found that for there is a coexistence of
both of these phases below . On lowering below the charge-ordering
(CO) temperature all the samples exhibit a coexistence between the FM
metallic and CO (antiferromagnetic) phases. In the whole range the FM phase
fraction () decreases with increasing . Furthermore, we show that only
for the metallic fraction is above the critical percolation
threshold . As a consequence, these samples show very
different magnetoresistance properties. In addition, for we
observe a percolative metal-insulator transition at , and for
the insulating-like behavior generated by the enlargement of
with increasing is well described by the percolation law , where is a critical exponent. On the basis of
the values obtained for this exponent we discuss different possible percolation
mechanisms, and suggest that a more deep understanding of geometric and
dimensionality effects is needed in phase separated manganites. We present a
complete vs phase diagram showing the magnetic and electric properties
of the studied compound around half doping.Comment: 9 text pages + 12 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Immunological Synapse Predicts Effectiveness of Chimeric Antigen Receptor Cells
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cell therapy has the potential to improve the overall survival of patients with malignancies by enhancing the effectiveness of CAR T cells. Precisely predicting the effectiveness of various CAR T cells represents one of today's key unsolved problems in immunotherapy. Here, we predict the effectiveness of CAR-modified cells by evaluating the quality of the CAR-mediated immunological synapse (IS) by quantitation of F-actin, clustering of tumor antigen, polarization of lytic granules (LGs), and distribution of key signaling molecules within the IS. Long-term killing capability, but not secretion of conventional cytokines or standard 4-hr cytotoxicity, correlates positively with the quality of the IS in two different CAR T cells that share identical antigen specificity. Xenograft model data confirm that the quality of the IS in vitro correlates positively with performance of CAR-modified immune cells in vivo. Therefore, we propose that the quality of the IS predicts the effectiveness of CAR-modified immune cells, which provides a novel strategy to guide CAR therapy. Xiong et al. developed a novel approach to predict the effectiveness of CAR-modified cells by quantifying the quality of CAR-mediated immunological synapse, which may introduce a new parameter to the field of immunotherapy
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