Disruptive Methodologies and Cross-Curricular Competencies for a Training Adapted to New Professional Profiles: The Undergraduate Program in Translation and Interpreting

Recently, in the translation sector, new multifaceted profiles requiring a great domain of new technologies have emerged: localization, post-editing, and transcreation. To train future professionals, it is necessary to define the cross-curricular competencies they require. Cross-curricular competencies involve gaining cross-disciplinary skills in the teaching-learning process. However, cross-curricular competencies are often relegated to a second place. The main objective of this chapter is to explore how disruptive methodologies can be applied to studies in translation and interpreting to foster cross-curricular competencies. After defining innovation in higher education, this work outlines which are the most suitable disruptive methodologies that foster cross-curricular competencies in the undergraduate program in translation and interpreting

Preserving the Facial Nerve During Orbitozygomatic Craniotomy: Surgical Anatomy Assessment and Stepwise Illustration

Objective Surgical safety and efficiency during an orbitozygomatic (OZ) osteotomy rely on thorough knowledge of the surgical anatomy of the facial nerve. Although the anatomy of the facial nerve and its relation to the pterional craniotomy are described, a thorough assessment of facial nerve preservation techniques during the OZ approach and its variations is lacking. We assessed the surgical anatomy of the facial nerve related to the OZ approach and provided a thorough stepwise description on how to preserve it. Methods The OZ approach was performed bilaterally in 15 cadaveric heads. The interfascial and subfascial techniques were performed to study their nuances in preserving the facial nerve. We compared the 2 techniques and provided a thorough description on how to preserve the facial nerve during each step of the OZ approach. Results At the zygomatic arch, the facial nerve was found between the galea and the superficial temporal fascia. A cut in the fascia at the posterior end of the zygomatic arch did not cross any facial nerve branches. The subfascial technique was simpler, more efficient, and provided more structural protection of the facial nerve branches than the interfascial technique. Conclusions The frontal division of the facial nerve is related directly to dissection over the zygomatic bone and may be injured during fascial dissection or osteotomies. Both interfascial and subfascial techniques are feasible to use during the OZ craniotomy and provide ample exposure of the OZ unit. Regarding the preservation of the facial nerve branches, we favor the subfascial method