Complex MSH2 and MSH6 mutations in hypermutated microsatellite unstable advanced prostate cancer

10.1038/ncomms5988Nature Communications5498

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND ADMINISTRATIVE POWER THEORY: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF STATE DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES*

The ability of state leaders to influence economic growth and diversity within their states is a disputed issue within the literature on state economic development policy-making. This research contributes to this debate by developing comparative measures of state development agency power drawn from the emerging theory on organizational power. If state policy leaders have independent control over the economic performance of their states and if that influence is exercised through the administrative unit responsible for that activity, states which have supplied their agencies more resources and freedom in using those resources should outperform those states which have not. Copyright 1988 by The Policy Studies Organization.

Predictors of alcohol use among rural adolescents

There is increasing evidence that alcohol use is becoming more common during childhood and early adolescence. However, little is known about alcohol use among rural youths . This article reports a study of alcohol use among 367 fifth-grade students in two rural South Carolina school districts. More than one third (n=131) of the fifth graders reported having used alcohol. Of these, 34 percent (n=44) reported drinking during the previous month; 8 percent had been intoxicated during the previous two months; and 54 percent reported drinking in the home with or without parental approval. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the predictors of alcohol use by fifth graders. The results indicated that gender (OR=2.82), mother's alcohol use (OR=1.86), father's alcohol use (OR=2.13), and smoking (OR=8.30) were significantly associated with alcohol use. The findings suggest that prevention programs address cigarette smoking and drinking behaviors of parents to reduce alcohol use and the acquisition of other health compromising behavior by youths. Early intervention approaches must be beyond the schools and target families as well as community populations.</p