Still waters run deep: latent cytokine activity in nonlesional psoriasis skin

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/116968/1/bjd14248_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/116968/2/bjd14248.pd

Early tissue responses in psoriasis to the antitumour necrosis factor‐α biologic etanercept suggest reduced interleukin‐17 receptor expression and signalling

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/108076/1/bjd12937-sup-0005-TableS2.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/108076/2/bjd12937-sup-0004-TableS1.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/108076/3/bjd12937.pd

Flat Information Geometries in Black Hole Thermodynamics

The Hessian of either the entropy or the energy function can be regarded as a metric on a Gibbs surface. For two parameter families of asymptotically flat black holes in arbitrary dimension one or the other of these metrics are flat, and the state space is a flat wedge. The mathematical reason for this is traced back to the scale invariance of the Einstein-Maxwell equations. The picture of state space that we obtain makes some properties such as the occurence of divergent specific heats transparent.Comment: 14 pages, one figure. Dedicated to Rafael Sorkin's birthda

Review of LLNS Contractor Assurance System (CAS)

The focus of the review was to evaluate the LLNS Contractor Assurance System (CAS) system description document and implementation plan. The team reviewed the description document and the near and long term strategy improvement plans for the defined enhancements to the LLNS CAS. Review emphasis was placed on the CAS functional elements of Assessments, Issues Management, and Performance Measures, as well as the related CAS attributes of Requirements, Policies and Procedures, Risk Methodology, and Continuous Improvement. The approach taken by the team was to review the pertinent LLNL CAS documents, interview key CAS Process Owners, and interview selected line managers. The reviews were conducted in such a manner to achieve an understanding of the overall objective of the CAS and the processes within; and the soundness of the improvement plans for each of the elements/related attributes. The team then identified suggested recommendations for consideration as the overall implementation process for improvements move forward. The team appreciates the work that went into the development of the CAS Implementation Plan. It provided a meaningful starting place for this AIM team as it included sufficient information to quickly gain an understanding of the current LANS CAS processes and improvement initiatives. The team found that the July 2007 CAS Description Document did not provide a level of detail which would provide the reader an understanding of the elements and attributes of the CAS, how they are integrated, and how they help Managers manage the performance of their activities. Consider revising the document to include a level of detail that would provide value to the LLNS Board of Governors, LSO, and LLNL Managers. The team also found the description document to focus almost exclusively on describing the LLNS approach and initiatives associated with the 17 key attributes of Contract Clause H-4. While these discussions are appropriate for inclusion in the description document, by themselves, they do not clearly address the requirements and criteria in Attachment 1 and Appendix A to DOE 226.1A. It would seem that a comprehensive written CAS description document would address not only the expectations of Clause H-4, but that it would also address the requirements and criteria from DOE O 226.1A

'Reclaiming the criminal' : the role and training of prison officers in England, 1877-1914

This article examines the role and training of prison officers in England, between 1877 and 1914. It is concerned with the changing penal philosophies and practices of this period and how these were implemented in local prisons, and the duties of the prison officer. More broadly, this article argues that the role of the prison officer and their training (from 1896) reflect wider ambiguities in prison policy and practice during this period

Chapter 19: Vulnerability of coastal and estuarine habitats in the Great Barrier Reef to climate change

This chapter attempts to address the vulnerability of the CEM in the Great Barrier Reef region to global climate change. It does not consider individual habitats (eg reefs or seagrasses) but goes beyond the individual species and habitat assessments, to consider impacts on the whole coastal marine community complex, and the ecological processes that support its functioning.This is Chapter 19 of Climate change and the Great Barrier Reef: a vulnerability assessment. The entire book can be found at http://hdl.handle.net/11017/13

Finding Faint Intermediate-mass Black Holes in the Radio Band

We discuss the prospects for detecting faint intermediate-mass black holes, such as those predicted to exist in the cores of globular clusters and dwarf spheroidal galaxies. We briefly summarize the difficulties of stellar dynamical searches, then show that recently discovered relations between black hole mass, X-ray luminosity and radio luminosity imply that in most cases, these black holes should be more easily detected in the radio than in the X-rays. Finally, we show upper limits from some radio observations of globular clusters, and discuss the possibility that the radio source in the core of the Ursa Minor dwarf spheroidal galaxy might be a $\sim 10,000-100,000 M_\odot$ black hole.Comment: 10 pages, no figures, to appear in From X-ray Binaries to Quasars: Black Hole Accretion on All Mass Scales, ed. T. J. Maccarone, R. P. Fender, and L. C. Ho (Dordrecht: Kluwer

Incipient Separation in Shock Wave Boundary Layer Interactions as Induced by Sharp Fin

The incipient separation induced by the shock wave turbulent boundary layer interaction at the sharp fin is the subject of present study. Existing theories for the prediction of incipient separation, such as those put forward by McCabe (1966) and Dou and Deng (1992), can have thus far only predicting the direction of surface streamline and tend to over-predict the incipient separation condition based on the Stanbrook's criterion. In this paper, the incipient separation is firstly predicted with Dou and Deng (1992)'s theory and then compared with Lu and Settles (1990)' experimental data. The physical mechanism of the incipient separation as induced by the shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interactions at sharp fin is explained via the surface flow pattern analysis. Furthermore, the reason for the observed discrepancy between the predicted and experimental incipient separation conditions is clarified. It is found that when the wall limiting streamlines behind the shock wave becomes\ aligning with one ray from the virtual origin as the strength of shock wave increases, the incipient separation line is formed at which the wall limiting streamline becomes perpendicular to the local pressure gradient. The formation of this incipient separation line is the beginning of the separation process. The effects of Reynolds number and the Mach number on incipient separation are also discussed. Finally, a correlation for the correction of the incipient separation angle as predicted by the theory is also given.Comment: 34 pages; 9 figure

Unraveling loss mechanisms arising from energy‐level misalignment between metal halide perovskites and hole transport layers

Metal halide perovskites are promising light absorbers for multijunction photovoltaic applications because of their remarkable bandgap tunability, achieved through compositional mixing on the halide site. However, poor energy-level alignment at the interface between wide-bandgap mixed-halide perovskites and charge-extraction layers still causes significant losses in solar-cell performance. Here, the origin of such losses is investigated, focusing on the energy-level misalignment between the valence band maximum and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) for a commonly employed combination, FA0.83Cs0.17Pb(I1-xBrx)3 with bromide content x ranging from 0 to 1, and poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA). A combination of time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy and numerical modeling of charge-carrier dynamics reveals that open-circuit voltage (VOC) losses associated with a rising energy-level misalignment derive from increasing accumulation of holes in the HOMO of PTAA, which then subsequently recombine non-radiatively across the interface via interfacial defects. Simulations assuming an ideal choice of hole-transport material to pair with FA0.83Cs0.17Pb(I1-xBrx)3 show that such VOC losses originating from energy-level misalignment can be reduced by up to 70 mV. These findings highlight the urgent need for tailored charge-extraction materials exhibiting improved energy-level alignment with wide-bandgap mixed-halide perovskites to enable solar cells with improved power conversion efficiencies

Geometro-thermodynamics of tidal charged black holes

Tidal charged spherically symmetric vacuum brane black holes are characterized by their mass m and tidal charge q, an imprint of the 5-dimensional Weyl curvature. For q>0 they are formally identical to the Reissner-Nordstr\"om black hole of general relativity. We study the thermodynamics and thermodynamic geometries of tidal charged black holes and discuss similarities and differences as compared to the Reissner-Nordstr\"om black hole. As a similarity, we show that (for q>0) the heat capacity of the tidal charged black hole diverges on a set of measure zero of the parameter space, nevertheless both the regularity of the Ruppeiner metric and a Poincar\'e stability analysis shows no phase transition at those points. The thermodynamic state spaces being different indicates that the underlying statistical models could be different. We find that the q<0 parameter range, which enhances the localization of gravity on the brane, is thermodynamically preferred. Finally we constrain for the first time the possible range of the tidal charge from the thermodynamic limit on gravitational radiation efficiency at black hole mergers.Comment: v3: 23 pages, 8 figures, 1 table, published versio