151 research outputs found
Efeitos do PEG 3350 e de uma solução enteral, associados ou nĂŁo ao Ringer lactato, e do NaCl 0,9% sobre a glicose, o lactato, o cortisol e a insulina de equinos hĂgidos
Blood gas analysis, anion gap, and strong ion difference in horses treated with polyethylene glycol balanced solution (PEG 3350) or enteral and parenteral electrolyte solutions
Hidratação enteral em bovinos: avaliação de soluçÔes eletrolĂticas isotĂŽnicas administradas por sonda nasogĂĄstrica em fluxo contĂnuo
SoluçÔes eletrolĂticas enterais hipotĂŽnicas em equinos: efeitos de fontes de energia sobre determinados indicadores do equilĂbrio ĂĄcido base
Black hole thermodynamical entropy
As early as 1902, Gibbs pointed out that systems whose partition function
diverges, e.g. gravitation, lie outside the validity of the Boltzmann-Gibbs
(BG) theory. Consistently, since the pioneering Bekenstein-Hawking results,
physically meaningful evidence (e.g., the holographic principle) has
accumulated that the BG entropy of a black hole is
proportional to its area ( being a characteristic linear length), and
not to its volume . Similarly it exists the \emph{area law}, so named
because, for a wide class of strongly quantum-entangled -dimensional
systems, is proportional to if , and to if
, instead of being proportional to (). These results
violate the extensivity of the thermodynamical entropy of a -dimensional
system. This thermodynamical inconsistency disappears if we realize that the
thermodynamical entropy of such nonstandard systems is \emph{not} to be
identified with the BG {\it additive} entropy but with appropriately
generalized {\it nonadditive} entropies. Indeed, the celebrated usefulness of
the BG entropy is founded on hypothesis such as relatively weak probabilistic
correlations (and their connections to ergodicity, which by no means can be
assumed as a general rule of nature). Here we introduce a generalized entropy
which, for the Schwarzschild black hole and the area law, can solve the
thermodynamic puzzle.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures. Accepted for publication in EPJ
Caracterização de frutos e poliembrionia em sementes de 'flying dragon' e de hĂbridos de porta-enxerto de citros
Ganho de peso e caracterĂsticas de carcaça de bovinos Nelore castrados ou nĂŁo-castrados terminados em confinamento
Qualidade fisiolĂłgica de sementes de soja convencional e transgĂȘnica RR produzidas sob aplicação foliar de manganĂȘs
Testes para avaliação do vigor de sementes de sorgo com ĂȘnfase Ă condutividade elĂ©trica
- âŠ